Alexandr CAUİA, Naif Jassim ALABDULJABBAR

AFRİKA BİRLİĞİ'NİN BÖLGESEL KRİZLERİN ÇÖZÜMÜ SÜRECİNDE DENEYİMİ

The African continent has proven to be the area most severely affected by the armed conflicts and military mutinies that have caused and continue to substantially affect the peace and security process on the continent and beyond. This article reflects the process of building, the importance and structure of the African Union, the Peace and Security Council and the African Peace and Security Architecture as mechanisms and tools for preventing and combating violations of peace and security. The legal and regulatory framework for prevention and intervention in armed conflicts, military mutiny and attempts to unconstitutional seizure of power, both inside and outside Member States, are also analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

regional peace and security, African Union, Peace and Security Council, African Peace and Security Architecture

THE EXPERIENCE OF THE AFRICAN UNION IN THE PROCESS OF RESOLVING REGIONAL CRISES

Keywords:

Regional peace and security, African Union, Peace and Security Council, African Peace and Security Architecture,

PDF

___

Agu S. U., Okeke V. O. The African Union (AU) and the challenges of conflict resolution in Africa. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2013. Nr. 14(11), p. 280–288.
Aning K., Abdallah M. Confronting hybrid threats in Africa: improving multidimensional responses. In: De Coning C., Gelot L., Karlsrud J. The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, p. 20-38.
Badmus I. A., The African Union’s Role in Peacekeeping: Building on Lessons Learned from Security Operations, Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2015, 277 p.
Barnett M., Coleman L. Designing Police: Interpol and the Study of Change in International Organisations, International Studies Quarterly, 2005, Nr. 49 (4), p. 598. p. 593-619. [On line]https://home.gwu.edu/~barnett/articles/2005_designing_isq.pdf (accessed 15.10.2020)
Bergholm, L. The African Union, the United Nations and civilian protection challenges in Darfur. Oxford, UK: Refugee Studies Centre, Working Paper Series Nr. 63, 2010. 34 p. [on line] https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/ebooks/files/338479716.pdf (accessed 15.10.2020)
Boutellis A., Williams P. D., Peace Operations, the African Union, and the United Nations: Toward More Effective Partnerships. International Peace Institute: New York, Apr. 2013, 22 p.
Buzan B., Wever, O. Regions and Powers, the structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, 570 p.
Darkwa L., The strategic relationship between the African Union and its partners. In: De Coning C., Gelot L., Karlsrud J. The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, p. 65-76.
De Coning C., Adapting the African Standby Force to a just-in-time readiness model: improved alignment with the emerging African model of peace operations. In: De Coning C., Gelot L., Karlsrud J. The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, p. 120-135
De Coning C., Gelot L., Karlsrud J., The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, 155 p.
De Coning C., Gelot L. and Karlsrud J., African peace operations: trends and future scenarios, conclusions and recommendations. In: De Coning C., Gelot L., Karlsrud J. The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, p. 135-145.
Desmidt S., Peacebuilding, conflict prevention and conflict monitoring in the African Peace and Security Architecture, European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) Background note, Août 2016, 16 p.
Derosier J.- Ph., Qu’est-ce qu’une révolution juridique? Le point de vue de la théorie générale du droit. In: Revue française de droit constitutionnel, 2015/2, Nr. 102, p. 391-404 Dersso S. A., Confronting hybrid threats in Africa: improving multidimensional responses, ed. de Coning, Gelot et Karlsrud. The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram London: Zed Books, 2016, p. 38-52.
Engel U., Porto G. D., Towards an African Peace and Security Regime: Continental Embeddedness, Transnational Linkages, Strategic Relevance. Burlington: Ashgate, 2013. 276 p.
Fawcett L. Regional Security. Security Studies an Introduction. London: Routledge, 2013, p. 620.
Freire M. R., Lopes P. D. Nascimento, D., Responsibility to Protect and the African Union: Assessing the AU's Capacity to Respond to Regional Complex Humanitarian and Political Emergencies, African Security Review, 2016, Nr. 25 (3) p. 223-241.
Fisher L. M., African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA): 2010 assessment study, commandé par le Département paix et sécurité de l’Union africaine, 2010.
Fopy S. Ch., Le droit d'intervention de l’Union Africaine, Mémoire de DEA en Droit Communautaire et comparé CEMAC, Université de Dschang, 2006, 128 p.
Gebrehiwot B. M., de Waal A., Peace missions in Africa: constraints, challenges and opportunities, Preliminary Report to the African Union, World Peace Foundation, Mars 2015, p. 19-22.
Jentzsh C. Opportunities and challenges to financing African Union Peace Operations, African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, vol. 4, Nr. 2 (Automne 2014), p. 86 -107.
Joshua S. J., Olanrewaju F. The AU’s Progress and Achievements in the Realm of Peace and Security. India Quarterly 73(4), Indian Council of World Affairs ICWA, SAGE Publications, 2017. p. 1–17.
Kobila M., L’Afrique et les juridictions pénales internationals. Centre Thucydide - Analyse et recherche en relations internationales Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), 2012. 51 p.
Kokoroko D., Avons-nous encore besoin du droit international de la démocratie? In: Mélanges François HERVOUET, Entre les ordres juridiques, LGDJ, 2015, p. 752 p.
Kokoroko D., Révolution et droit international. In: Revue Togolaise des Sciences Juridiques, Janvier-Juin 2012 Nr. 0002, p. 7-21.
Leijenaar A., Africa can solve its own problems with proper planning and full implementation of the African Standby Force, Blog post, Institute for Security Studies, 21.01.2004, [online] https://www.issafrica.org/iss-today/ africa-can-solve-its-ownproblems-with-proper-planning-and-full-implementation-of-the-african-standby-force>.(accessed 25.09.2019)
Lisk F. The African Union after 10 Years: Successes and challenges. (2012) [online] http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/expertcomment/the_african_union/(accessed 05.01.2021)
Lotze W., Strengthening African peace support operations: nine lessons for the future of the African Standby Force, Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF) Policy Briefing, déc. 2013. 4 p.
Makinda S.M., Okumu F. W. The African Union, challenges of globalisation, security and governance. New York: Routledge Global Institutions, 2008, p. 209.
Mehler A. Not always in the people’s interest: Power-sharing arrangements in African peace agreements. Hamburg: GIGA Working Papers, 2008. Nr. 83, 44 p.
Murithi T. Proactive interventionism: The African Union, Peace and Security Councils engagement in the Horn of Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution, Nr. 12, 2012, p. 87–111.
Murithi T. The African Union’s evolving role in peace operations: The African Union Mission in Burundi, the African Union Mission in Sudan and the African Union Mission in Somalia. African Security Review, 17(1), Taylor & Francis, 2008. p. 70–82.
Ndiaye M., The relationship between the AU and the RECs/RMs in relation to peace and security in Africa: subsidiarity and inevitable common destiny, ed. de Coning, Gelot and Karlsrud, p. 52-65.
Oguonu C. N., Ezeibe, C. C. African Union and conflict resolution in Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014. Nr. 5(27), p. 325–332.
Omorogbe E. Y.. A club of incumbents? The African Union and coups d’etat. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 2008. Nr. 44(1), p. 127, p. 123–154. https://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_3824_0.pdf
Peen R. A., The African Union Mission in Burundi, Civil Wars, 2012, Nr. 14 (3), 376. p. 373-392. [On line] https://centres.exeter.ac.uk/exceps/downloads/Ethnopolitics%20papers_No10_peen%20rodt%20-%20african%20union.pdf (accessed 15.10.2020)
Powell K. The African Union’s emerging peace and security regime opportunities and challenges for delivering on the responsibility to protect (ISS Monograph Series No. 119). Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2005. [On line] https://www.africaportal.org/publications/the-african-unions-emerging-peace-and-security-regime-opportunities-and-challenges-for-delivering-on-the-responsibility-to-protect/ (accessed 15.12.2019)
Shinkaiye K. Nigeria and the African Union: Roles and expectation. In B. Akinterinwa (Ed.), Nigeria and the development of the African Union. Ibadan: Vantage Publishers, 2005, p. 76–97
Siradag A. The Eu’s security policy towards Africa: Causes, rationales, and dynamics. Insight Turkey, 2012. Nr. 14 (4), p. 175-188.
Soderbaum F., Tavares R. Problematizing regional organisation in African security. African Security. 2009, Nr. 2 (2-3), p. 69-81.
Soderbaum F., Hettne B. Regional security in a global perspective. In: Africa’s New Peace and Security Architecture; Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. UK: Ashgate. 2010, p. 13-30.
Sturman K., Hayatou A. The Peace and Security Council of the African Union: from design to reality. In: Africa’s New Peace and Security Architecture; Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. UK: Ashgate, 2010, p. 57-75.
Ulf E., Gomes Porto J. Africa’s New Peace and Security Architecture: Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. In: Africa’s New Peace and Security Architecture; Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. UK: Ashgate, 2010, p. 1-12.
Van der Lijn J., Smit T. et Höghammar T., Peace operations and conflict management, SIPRI Yearbook 2016: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2016, p. 269-319.
Van der Lijn J., Avezov, X., The Future Peace Operations Landscape: Voices from Stakeholders Around the Globe, Final Report of the New Geopolitics of Peace Operations Initiative, SIPRI: Stockholm, 2015. 90 p.
Vines A. A decade of African Peace and Security Architecture. International Affairs. Nr. 89 (1), 2013, p. 89-109.
Williams P. D. War and conflict in Africa. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011, p. 306 p.
Williams P. D. The African Union’s conflict management capabilities (Working Paper). International Institution and Global Governance Program, New York. 2011. p. 1-29 [On line] https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/146220/IIGG_WorkingPaper7.pdf (accessed 21.12.2019)
Williams P. D., Boutellis, A., Partnership peacekeeping: challenges and opportunities in the United Nations– African Union relationship, African Affairs, 2014, vol. 113, no. 451, p. 254 - 278
Williams P.D., The Peace and Security Council of the African Union: Evaluating an Embryonic International Institution', Journal of Modern African Studies 47 (4), 2009, p. 603-626.
Williams P. D., The “Responsibility to Protect”, Norm Locatisation, and African International Society, Global Responsibility to Protect, 2009, Nr. 1 (3), p. 392-416.
Williams P.D., Enhancing US support for peace operations in Africa, Council on Foreign Relations, Council Special Report Nr. 73, 2015. 56 p.