Yetişkin gelişiminin anababalık rolleri açısından niteliksel olarak incelenmesi

Bu araştırmada, anne baba rollerinin kişilerin kendi gelişimlerini nasıl etkilediğine yönelik algıları, Erikson’nın yaşam boyu gelişim teorisinde ortaya attığı orta yaş dönemindeki üretkenliğe (bir sonraki kuşağı kurma ve yönlendirme ilgisi) karşı durağanlık evresi temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Erikson bu dönemin yetişkin yaşamında önemli bir role sahip olduğunu ve kişinin kendi çocuğuyla ilgilenmesinin bu gelişimsel işi başarmasında önemli bir role sahip olduğunu önermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, anababalık üretkenliği çerçevesinde; anababaların çocuk yetiştirme davranışları, anne babalığın kişilerin yaşantılarında meydana getirdiği değişimler ve gelişimlerin ne olduğu, anne babalığa yönelik rol algıları, anababalığın evlilik, iş, sosyal ilişkilerine ve kendi gelişimelerine olan etkisi, yaşamdan alınan doyum ve diğer alanlardaki doyumların (evlilik, iş, sağlık vb.) anababalık rolleriyle olan ilişkisi niteliksel olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma için yaşları 37 ile 61 arasında değişen, en az 17 yaşında bir çocuğu olan, 13 anne ve 10 baba ile geriye dönük yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, araştırmaya katılan yetişkinlerin hemen hepsi, hayatlarındaki en önemli rolün anne baba olmaları olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ancak, anneler, babalara kıyasla annelik rollerini çok daha güçlü algılamaktadırlar. Anababalar çocuk yetiştirmenin olgunlaşmalarına dramatik bir şekilde olmasa da büyük bir katkısının olduğunu ve yaşamlarına bir disiplin ve sorumluluk getirdiğini, anababalığın kendi gelişimlerinde önemli katkılarının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla, anne babalar bir sonraki kuşağı oluşturacak çocukları yetiştirip, gelişmelerine rehberlik ederken, aynı zamanda kendi kişilikleri ve gelişimleri de bu çocuk yetiştirme sürecinden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışma algılanan anababalık rolleri, çocuk yetiştirme ile aktif olarak ilgilenme ve yetişkin gelişimi arasındaki bağlantıyı daha derinlemesine anlamaya çalışmıştır.

A Qualitative investigation of the adult development in terms of parental roles

Based on Erikson’s Theory, this study qualitatively examined the perceived effects of parental role on the adult development. Erikson proposed that “generativity” plays an important role in adult lives, and caring for one’s children is the ultimate expression of this particular developmental task. In this respect, within the framework of parental generativity, this study qualitatively examined parents’ child rearing behaviors, changes and developments in parents’ life, perception of parental roles, the effects of parenting on their marital, work and social relationships, general life satisfaction and satisfaction from other life domains (marital, work, health etc.). Qualitative examination attempted to record the midlife parent experiences in order to verify the existence of parental generativity themes. This study conducted through a retrospective semi-structured interview schedule with 13 mothers and 10 fathers aged 37 to 61. All parents had at least one child at the age of 17 or older. Overall, the results revealed that the most important theme of life for most of the midlife adults was parenthood. However, mothers’ role identities with respect to maternal role were much stronger than the fathers’. Moreover, parents expressed that although rearing and guiding a child may not lead to dramatic changes in their maturation but have a significant contribution by bringing discipline and responsibility to their life. Therefore, while parents caring and guiding their children who become the next generation, at the same time their personality also affected from this experience. The present study contributes further to understanding of the connections between the perception of parental role, parents’ active involvement in childrearing, and adult development.

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