Tarla kapasitesi ve devamlı solma noktasının toprakların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile ilişkili pedotransfer eşitliklerle belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada sürekli tarım yapılan toprakların tarla kapasitesi ve devamlı solma noktası değerleri pedotransfer eşitlikler ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu eşitlikler toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri arasındaki çoklu regresyonu esas almaktadır. Toprakların tarla kapasitesi (TK) ve devamlı solma noktası (DSN) değerleri ile kil, kum, toplam gözeneklilik, organik madde ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli ilişkiler bulunmuştur (p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

toprak fiziksel özellikleri, kil fraksiyonu, elektrik iletkenliği, tarla kapasitesi, gözeneklilik, kum fraksiyonu, toprak kimyasal özellikleri, toprak organik materyali, solma noktası

Determination of field capacity and permanent wilting point with pedotransfer functions related to soil physical and chemical properties

In this study, field capacity and permanent wilting point of soils under continuous farming were estimated with pedotransfer functions. These functions define multiple regressions among some soil physical and chemical properties. Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) values of soils gave statistically significant relations with clay, sand, total porosity, organic matter and electrical conductivity (p<0.01). Total porosity and clay content showed the highest direct effects on FC and PWP, respectively. Using soil physical properties in pedotransfer functions gave the higher relations with measured values than using the chemical properties. In these equations, using soil physical and chemical properties together increased significance level of the relations with measured values of FC (r = 0.924**) and PWP (r = 0.980**).

Keywords:

soil physical properties, clay fraction, electrical conductivity, field capacity, porosity, sand fraction, soil chemical properties, soil organic matter, wilting point,

___

Arya, L.M., Paris, J.F., 1981. A physicoempirical model to predict the soil moisture characteristic from particle-size distribution and bulk density data. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45: 1023-1030.

Basile, A., D'urso, G., 1997. Experimental corrections of simplified methods for predicting water retention curves in clay-loamy soils from particle-size determination. Soil Technol., 10:261-272.

Bauer, A., Black, A.L., 1992. Organic carbon effects on available water capacity of three soil textural groups. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:248-254.

De Macedo, J.R., Meneguelli, N.A., Filho, T.B.O., Lima, J.A.S., 2002. Estimation of field capacity and moisture retention based on regression analysis involving chemical and physical properties in Alfisols and Ultisols of the state of Rio de Janerio. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant An. 33 (33 and 14): 2037-2055.

Demiralay, İ., 1993. Toprak fiziksel analiz yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi yayınları. Erzurum, 111-120.

Hillel, D. 1982. Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, Inc. San Dieoga, California.

Hollis, J.M., Jones, R.J.A., Palmer, R.C., 1977. The effects of organic matter particle size on the water retention properties of some soils in the West Midlands of England, Geoderma, 17(3):225-238.

Kaçar, B., 1994. Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri:III. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları No.3, 89-98.

Kachanoski, R. G., Gregorich, E. G., Van-Wesenbeeck, I. J. 1988. Estimating spatial variations of soil water content using noncontacting electromagnetic inductive methods. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68:715-722.

Kachanoski, R. G., De Jong, E., Van-Wesenbeeck, 1. J. 1990. Field scale patterns of soil water storage from non-contacting measurements of bulk electrical conductivity. Can. J. Soil Sci. 70:537-541.

Kern, J.S., 1995. Evaluation of soil water retention models based on basic soil physical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:1134-1141.

Klute, A. 1986. Water retention:Laboratory methods. In A. Klute (Ed.) Method of Soil Analysis Part I, Second Edition, Argon. Monog. No 9 ASA Madison WI pp 635-662.

Manrique, L.A., Jons, C.A., Dyke, P.T., 1991. Predicting soil water retention characteristics from soil physical and chemical properties. Commun. Soil Sci. And Plant Anal. 22 (Hand 18): 1847-1860.

Minasny, B., Mcbratney, A.B., Bristow, K.L., 1999. Comparision of different approaches to the development of pedotransfer functions for water-retention curves. Geoderma, 93:225-253.

Mohammadi, J., 2002. Testing an artificial neural network for predicting soil water retention characteristics from soil physical and chemical properties. 17th WCSS, 14-21 August, Thailand.

Morgan, C.L.S., Wolkowski, R.P., Norman, J.M., 2000. Is it useful to measure soil electrical conductivity? Fertilizer Algime and Pest Management Conference, WI.

Özdemir, N., Gülser, C, Aşkın, T., 2000. Determination of relations between some soil properties and some soil moisture constants using path analysis. Proceedings of International Symposium on Desertification. 13-17 June, Konya/Turkey.

Petersen, G.W., Cunningham, R.L., Matelski, R.P., 1968. Moisture characteristics of Pennsylvania soils. I. Moisture Retention as Related to Texture, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proa, 32(2):271-275.

Puckett, W.E., DaneJ.H., HajekB.F., 1985. Physical and mineralogical data to determine soil hydraulic properties, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49(4):831-836.

Rawls, W.J., Brakensiek, D.L., Saxton, K.E., 1982. Estimation of soil water properties, Trans. ASAE, 25(5): 1316-1320.

Salchow, E., Lal, R., Fausey, N.R., Ward, A., 1996. Pedotransfer functions for variable alluvial soils in southern Ohio. Geoderma 73:165-181.

Soil Survey Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manuel. USDA Handbook No: 18 Washington.

Tüzüner, A., 1990. Bozulmuş örneklerde sıkıştırma yöntemiyle hacim ağırlığı tayini. Tüzüner, A. (Ed.) Toprak ve su analiz laboratuarları el kitabı. TC Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizm. Genel Müd. Ankara, sayfa 100.

Yurtsever, N. 1984. Deneysel istatistik metotlar. TC Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizm. Genel Müd. Yayınları, Ankara.