DEHB olan çocukların annelerinde depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri ile kullanılan başa çıkma yöntemleri: Bir ön çalışma

Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), anne-çocuk ilişkilerinde sorun gelişme riskinde artış ile karakterize, çocukluk çağının en sık rastlanan psikiyatrik bozukluklarından biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı DEHB olan çocukların annelerinin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri ile kullandıkları başa çıkma yöntemlerinin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Polikliniği’ne ardışık başvuran, DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı konmuş, 7-12 yaş aralığında 36 çocuk ve anneleri oluşturmuştur. DEHB tanısı konan çocukların anneleri COPE (Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ve Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden, DSM-IV sınıflandırmasına göre DEHB tanısı konmuş toplam 30 olgunun %16.7’si (s=5) ‘dikkat eksikliği belirgin tip’, %13.3’ü (s=4) ‘aşırı hareketlilik-dürtüselliğin belirgin olduğu tip’, %70.0’ı (s=21) ise ‘birleşik tip’ ölçütlerini karşılamaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçekler toplam 30 anne tarafından tamamlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan annelerin Beck Depresyon ve Beck Anksiyete puanları kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptanmıştır. COPE alt ölçeklerinden diğer meşguliyetleri bastırma, soruna odaklanma ve duyguları açığa çıkarma, inkar alt ölçekleri ve işlevsel olmayan başa çıkma yöntemleri toplam puanı DEHB grubunda kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptanmıştır. Örneklem ve kontrol grubu arasında çocuk yaşı ve cinsiyeti, anne yaşı ve eğitim süresi açısından fark saptanmamıştır. Tartışma: DEHB’nin tedavi sürecinde annelerin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin yüksek olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu annelerin hangi başa çıkma yöntemlerini kullandıklarının bilinmesi klinisyenlere psikiyatrik görüşmede desteklenmesi gerekli olan alanları işaret edecektir. Bu konuda daha geniş örneklemli araştırmalara gereksinim vardır.

Depression and anxiety levels and coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD: A preliminary study

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders of childhood, characterized by an increased risk for the development of parent-child relationship problems. The aim of this study is to compare the depression and anxiety levels and coping skills used by the mothers of children with ADHD with healthy controls. Methods: The research included 36 children between 7-12 years and their mothers who applied to the Gülhane Military Medical Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinicthe COPE, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Of 30 subjects with consecutively and diagnosed as having ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The mothers were evaluated with ADHD who accepted to participate to the study, %16.7 (n=5) were diagnosed as ‘inattentive subtype’, %13.3 (n=4) were diagnosed as ‘hyperactivity impulsivity subtype’ and %70.0 (n=21) were diagnosed as ‘combined subtype’ ADHD. The Beck depression and anxiety scores of the mothers’ of the study sample were significantly higher than healthy controls. The suppression of competing activities, focusing on and venting of emotions and denial subscales’ scores of COPE and the total scores of dysfunctional coping strategies in COPE of study sample were significantly higher than healthy controls. There were no differences between the study and control groups with respect to child’s age, gender, mother’s age, and the education period. Conclusions: It should be remembered that the depressive and anxious complaints of the mothers’ of the study sample might be higher than the controls. To know which coping skills are being used by the mothers in study sample points out the necessary aspects that should be supported by clinicians in psychiatric interview.

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