R. Hülya BİNGÖL ÇAĞLAYAN, Dilara DEMİRPENÇE SEÇİNTİ

Cognitive behavior therapy for overweight and obese adolescents with psychiatric symptoms: a pilot study

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether cognitive behavioral therapy intervention lead to im-provement in psychological parameters and obesity parameters. Methods:Ten participants, nine females and one male, were assigned to two different cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based groups. The adolescents’ mean age was 14.10±1.79 years and their mean body mass index was 29.95±4.18 kg/m2. The CBT comprised of nine sessions followed by one parent session. The participants also received lifestyle interventions which include weekly weight checks, diet, and exercise. Results: The evaluations of the nine CBT sessions showed a signifi-cant reduction in depressive symptoms, social anxiety, social phobia, and a significant improvement in self-es-teem, but the BMI scores remained unchanged which was a deviation from our expectation. Discussion: This is the first study in Turkey to evaluate the impact of group-based CBT on depressed adolescents. The results demonstrate that further researches are needed, with the objective of developing cognitive-behavioral interven-tions that help patients to lose weight and maintain their weight at a healthy level.

PDF

___

1.Sheslow D, Hassink S, Wallace W, DeLancey E. The relationship between self-esteem and de-pression in obese children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 699:289-291.

2.Strauss RS, Pollack HA. Social marginalization of overweight children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157(8):746-752.

3.Sanchez-Villegas A, Field AE, O’Reilly EJ, Fava M, Gortmaker S, Kawachi I, et al. Perceived and actual obesity in childhood and adolescence and risk of adult depression. J Epidemiol Community Heal 2013; 67(1):81-86.

4.Pearce MJ, Boergers J, Prinstein MJ. Adolescent obesity, overt and relational peer victimization, and romantic relationships. Obes Res 2002; 10(5):386-393.

5.Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M. Associations of weight-based teasing and emoti-onal well-being among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157(8):733-738.

6.Rofey DL, Kolko RP, Iosif A-M, Silk JS, Bost JE, Feng W, et al. A longitudinal study of childhood depression and anxiety in relation to weight gain. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2009; 40(4):517-526.

7.Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child over-weight and obesity worldwide: international sur-vey.BMJ 2000; 320(7244):1240.

8.Öy B. Depression scale for children: validity and reliability study. Turkish J Psychiatry 1991; 2:132-136.

9.Demir T, Eralp-Demir D, Özmen E, Uysal Ö. Çapa Çocuk ve Ergenler için Sosyal Fobi Ölçeği-nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Düşünen Adam 1999; 12(4):23-30.

10.La Greca AM, Stone WL. Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 1993; 22(1):17-27.

11.Coopersmith S. The Antecedents of Self-Esteem.Princeton, 1965.

12.Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychi-atric disorders in a community sample. Int Rev Psychiatry 2003; 15(1-2):166-172.

13.Sjöberg RL, Nilsson KW, Leppert J. Obesity, shame, and depression in school-aged children: a population-based study. Pediatrics 2005; 116(3):e389-392.

14.Harrington RC. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei depressiven Kindern und Jugendlichen. Vol. 12. Hogrefe Verlag, 2013.

15.Goodman E, Whitaker RC. A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 2002; 110(3):497-504.

16.Brent DA. Glad for what TADS adds, but many TADS grads still sad. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45(12):1461.

17.Boutelle KN, Hannan P, Fulkerson JA, Crow SJ, Stice E. Obesity as a prospective predictor of depression in adolescent females. Heal Psychol 2010; 29(3):293.

18.Herva A, Laitinen J, Miettunen J, Veijola J, Kar-vonen JT, Läksy K, et al. Obesity and depres-sion: results from the longitudinal Northern Fin-land 1966 Birth Cohort Study. Int J Obes 2006; 30(3):520.

19.Jelalian E, Hart CN, Mehlenbeck RS, Lloyd‐ Richardson EE, Kaplan JD, Flynn‐O’Brien KT, etal. Predictors of attrition and weight loss in an adolescent weight control program. Obesity 2008; 16(6):1318-1323.

20.Braet C, Van Winckel M. Long-term follow-up of a cognitive behavioral treatment program for obese children. Behav Ther 2000; 31(1):55-74.

21.Kohn M, Rees JM, Brill S, Fonseca H, Jacobson M, Katzman DK, et al. Preventing and treating adolescent obesity: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. J Adolesc Heal 2006; 38(6):784-787.

22.Duffy G, Spence SH. The effectiveness of cogni-tive self‐management as an adjunct to a behavi-oural intervention for childhood obesity: a re-search note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993; 34(6):1043-1050.

23.Faulconbridge LF, Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Pulcini ME, Treadwell T. Treatment of comorbid obesity and major depressive disorder: a pro-spective pilot study for their combined treatment. J Obes 2011; 2011:870385. doi: 10.1155/2011/870385.

24.Taube-Schiff M, Suvak MK, Antony MM, Bieling PJ, McCabe RE. Group cohesion in cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther 2007;45(4):687-698.

25.Wadden TA, Webb VL, Moran CH, Bailer BA. Lifestyle modification for obesity: new develop-ments in diet, physical activity, and behavior ther-apy. Circulation 2012; 125(9):1157-1170.