Uzakdoğu Kaplanlarında Kamu Yönetimi ve Kalkınma İlişkisi

Son zamanlara kadar onların yeryüzü sahnesinde sahip oldukları değişik yerleşim alanları, orta düzey yapıları, orta ölçekli nüfusları, sınırlı doğal kaynakları ve göreceli olarak küçük coğrafi yapıları göz önüne alındığında, Pasifiğin batı yakasında yer alan dört politik kimlik, geçen on yıllarda gözle görülür derecede dikkat çekmişlerdir. Bunlar genellikle Asya 'nın Küçük Kaplanları veya Küçük Dragonları olarak isimlendirilmektedirler. Bunların sahip oldukları ortak değerlerin neler olduğuna baktığımızda, şüphesiz, gayrı safi milli hasıla, kişi başına düşen milli gelir, ortalama büyüme oranı, dünya tica­reti ve gelirinden alınan pay gibi kriterlerle ölçülen beklenmedik büyüklük ve rekor sa­yılabilecek hızda gerçekleştirilen ekonomik gelişmenin olduğu görülmektedir. Bunların başarılarının ana sebebinin araştırılması, geçerli olabilecek bazı ekonomi dışı faktörle­rin de incelenmesi gereğini doğurmuştur, örneğin, Latin Amerika kültürel değerlerinin bölgedeki ekonomik gelişmeyi engellediği, buna karşılık, gelişmekte olan Konfiçyüsçü çalışma etik değerlerin ise, Japonya ve Yeni Gelişmekte olan Ülkeler dahil, çok sayıdaki Doğu Asya ülkesinde ekonomik başarının sağlanmasında pozitif etki yaptığı öne sürül­müştür. Bugüne kadar görmezlikten gelinen konu, birbiri ile bağlantılı idari ve politik ulusal sistem düzenlemelerinin, muhtemel bağlantılarının ve ulusal gelişme hedeflerinin ger­çekleştirilmesinde elde edilen başarı ve başarısızlıkların, sistematik olarak incelenmemesindedir. Bu çalışma, anılan çizgi doğrultusunda dört Küçük Kaplan üzerinde yoğun­laşarak gerçekleştirilen bir denemenin ürünüdür.

Public Administration and Development: The Tigers of the Far East

Considering their relatively small areas, limited natural resources, middling populations, diverse locations and modest presence on the world scene until recently, four political entities along the western rim of the Pacific have received an impressive amount of attention during the last couple of decades, often called Asians Little Tigers or Little Dragons. What they have in common, of course, is a record of rapid and largely unanticipated economic progress as indicated by such measures as gross national product, per capita income, average growth rate, share of world income and share of world trade. Their location in the same part of the world, in an arc around the western pacific basin, accounts for the fact that inhabitants of all these countries are predominantly Oriental, with Chinese majorities except in South Korea, and that Confucianism is the most commonly shared traditional cultural pattern. The political past of this part of the globe also has imposed a current threat to continuing political stability in each of these countries, although the nature of the threat varies. Economic and trade policies of these different political regimes have also diversified, despite the overall successful outcome in all instances. Searching for the roots or causes of their successes naturally led to exploration of some primarily non-economic factors that might be relevant. For example Latin American cultural patterns have been suggested as impeding economic development in the region, whereas the prevailing Confucian taught about working ethic has been advanced as contributing to relatively greater economic success in numerous East Asian countries. A neglected factor up to now has been systematic analysis of the possible connections between national systems of linked political and adminisrative arrangements and success or failure in achieving national developmental objectives. This article is the product of a cooperative effort along this lines, concentrating on the four Little Dragons.

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