Bürokratik Otoriteryan Rejimlerde Sosyal Politikanın Gelişimi ve Atfedilen Roller

Bir ülkede sosyal politikanın gelişimi o ülkedeki yönetim biçimiyle, sınıflar arası ilişkilerin niteliğiyle ve kural koyma gücüne sahip hâkim grupların davranış biçimleriyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Demokratik yönetimlerde sosyal politikanın ve refah programlarının temel dayanağı evrensel vatandaşlık hakları olurken, otoriter rejimlerde sosyal politika daha farklı roller üstlenebilmektedir. Baskıcı rejimlerin özel bir türü olan bürokratik otoriteryanizmin incelendiği bu çalışmanın temel varsayımı, bürokratik otoriteryan rejimlerde sosyal politikanın kendisinden beklenen ve varlık sebebini de oluşturan toplumsal barışı, adaleti ve bütünleşmeyi sağlama hedeflerinden sıyrılıp, otoriter rejimin meşruiyetini ve sürekliliğini sağlama aracına dönüşmesidir. Bu da ister istemez rejimi tehdit etme potansiyeli bulunan grupların refah ayrıcalıklarına sahip olmasına ve sonuçta parçalı ve adaletsiz bir sosyal politika yapısının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Yani, sosyal politika bürokratik otoriter rejim altında "amaç" olmaktan çıkıp, pragmatik bir 'araç' haline dönüşmektedir.

Development of Social Policy in Bureaucratic Regimes and Attributed Roles

Development of social policy in a country is naturally directly related with the type of government, features of relationships among classes, and attitudes of the ruling class. While the universal civil rights constitute the essential foundation of social policies and welfare programs in democratic societies, social policy in authoritarian regimes may take on different roles and responsibilities. The main assumption of this study, which focuses on bureaucratic authoritarian regimes as a special type of oppressive regimes is the transformation of social policy from enabling social peace, justice, and integration to the means of provision of legitimacy and continuity of the regime itself. This unavoidably leads some certain social groups, who have the potential to threaten the regime, have welfare privileges and consequently, a fragmented social policy structure. In short, social policy is no more a "goal", but a "means" under bureaucratic authoritarian regimes.

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