Dünyada son yıllarda yürütülen asma ıslahı çalışmalarının hedefleri ve kullanılan ıslah yöntemleri

2005 yılında yürütülen bu araştırmada asma ıslahı konusunda son 10 yıl içerisinde düzenlenen uluslararası ve ulusal sempozyum ve kongreler ile “Horticultural Abstracts”larda 1994-2004 yılları arasında yayınlanan makaleler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, ıslah amaçları verim ve kalite, çekirdeksizlik, dayanıklılık ve erkencilik; ıslah yöntemleri ise seleksiyon, melezleme, gen aktarımı ve mutasyon ıslahı başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bazı makalelerde birden çok amaca yönelik çalışıldığı gözlenmiştir. Bu tür araştırmaların sınıflandırılmasında yazarların belirttiği ilk hedef dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuçlar ıslah yöntemleri ve ıslah amaçlarına göre gruplara ayrılarak tablolar halinde düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmada, makalesine ulaşılan toplam ülke sayısı 42; bu ülkelerin asma ıslahı üzerine yayınlamış olduğu ulaşılan makale sayısı ise toplam 758 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ülkeler içerisinde ulaşılan makale sayısı bakımından İtalya 114 adet (%15.0) ile ilk sırada yer alırken; bunu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (107 adet, %14.1) izlemiştir. Islah amacı bakımından yapılan incelemede en çok verim ve kalite konusunda çalışıldığı (390 adet, %51.5), en çok kullanılan ıslah yönteminin ise seleksiyon olduğu (497 adet, %65.6) belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

üzüm, asma, bağcılık, bitki ıslahı

Aims and methods of grape breeding researches carried out worldwide recently

In this study, worldwide publications on grape breeding in the past decade were screened in the scope of "Horticultural Abstracts" with some national and international symposium and meetings. Data were divided into two categories as breeding aims (yield and quality, seedlessness, resistance, earliness) and breeding methods (selection, hybridization, transformation, mutation). Once authors followed more then one aim in a study, the first aim was taken into account for division. Total countries, publications of which were available, were counted as 42; while total number of manuscripts was 758. Italy was pioneering for paper amount with 114, followed by USA (107). Yield and quality was the first preferred aim (in 390 papers); while selection was the most widely used method (in 497).

Keywords:

grapes, grapevine, viticulture, plant breeding,

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