Romanos IV Diogenes'in Birliklerine Karşı Tutumu

Romanos Diogenes IV, Bizans tarihinde ilk defa Selçuklular tarafından canlı olarak ele geçirilen bir imparator olarak, Ağustos 1071’de Malazgirt (Ermenistan platosundaki Van Gölü'nün kuzeyindeki ana yer) savaşı ile oldukça iyi tanınmaktadır. Ordunun ciddi yenilgisindeki sorumluluğu şimdiye kadar modern araştırmacılardan hak ettiği değeri bulamamıştır. Bu çalışma, askerlerine ve memurlarına yönelik tutumunu incelemekte ve bunun ötesinde Doğu Roma askeri el kitaplarındaki yönergelere uygun olup olmadığını tartışmaktadır. Diogenes'in Türklere karşı yaptığı üç Anadolu kampanyasına da doğrudan katılan Michael Attaleiates’in Historia kitabı, bu konunun ilk kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, önemli bilgiler daha sonra Theodoros Skoutariotes, Constantine Manasses, keşiş George Hamartolos ve Zonaras tarafından yazılan kroniklerde de bulunmaktadır. Bu kronikler çok az çalışılmış ve bazıları hala modern dillerde çevrilmemiştir. Çalışma, imparatorun askerlerine davranışının, onların moralini oldukça olumsuz yönde etkilediğini ve savaşmadan önce Doğu Romalıların savaşı kaybetmelerine neden olduğu sonucuna varmıştır.

Romanos IV Diogenes’ Attitude towards his Troops

Romanos IV Diogenes is well known for the battle of Mantzikert (August 1071 A.D.), thestronghold lying to the north of Lake Van on the Armenian plateau, given that this was the first time inByzantine history an emperor was captured alive by the Seljuks. His responsibility for his army’s crushingdefeat has not received the attention that it deserves in modern scholarship. This article examines his attitudeto his soldiers and officers; and further discusses whether it was in line with the prescriptions found inByzantine military manuals. The Historia of Michael Attaleiates, a direct participant in all three ofDiogenes’ military campaigns in Asia Minor against the Turks, constitutes the main source for this research.Important information is also found in later chronicles that were written by Theodoros Skoutariotes,Constantine Manasses, George – the Monk – Hamartolos, and Zonaras. These chronicles remain littlestudied and some of them are still un-translated into modern languages. The article concludes that theemperor’s own attitude had a quite negative impact on the morale of his soldiers, and caused the battle to belost for the Byzantines before it was even fought.

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