ULUSLARARASI YATIRIM UYUŞMAZLIKLARI ÇÖZÜM YÖNTEMLERİNİN GELİŞİMİ

Doğrudan yabancı yatırım günümüzde uluslararası hukukun en hızlı gelişen alanlarından biridir. Bunun nedeni ise 2. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra ortaya çıkan ikili yatırım anlaşmaları olmuştur. Bu yatırım anlaşmalarının katkısı yabancı yatırımcıyı ve yatırımını korumayı garanti etmesidir. Diğer bir değişle uyuşmazlık çıktığı durumlarda artık yatırımcı, yatırım yaptığı ev sahibi devletin mahkemelerinde değil, tarafsız ve bağımsız tahkim hakem heyeti önünde uyuşmazlığı çözüme kavuşturabilecektir. Böylelikle, asıl sorun olan devlet egemenliğini sınırlandıracaktır. Her ne kadar tahkim yönteminin gelmesi, 2. Dünya savaşından sonra büyük bir adım olarak kabul edilse de zaman içerisinde sonuç bakımından bir farklılık yaratmadığı görülmektedir. Savaştan önce yatırımcı uyuşmazlık çıktığında baştan ev sahibi devletin mahkemesine giderek egemenlik baskısını görürken, savaştan sonra tahkim sonrası alınan kararın ev sahibi devlette icrasında aynı etkiyle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu makalede 2. Dünya Savaşı öncesi ve sonrası yabancı yatırım uyuşmazlıklarının çözüm yöntemleri karşılaştırılarak, aslında savaş sonrası tahkime başvurulmasının devlet egemenliğinin azaltılması noktasında sonucu değiştirmediği savunulacaktır. Bunun da yatırım tahkiminin geleceği için büyük bir tehlike arz ettiği çünkü savaş öncesi gibi mahkeme sistemenine dönüş olduğu görülmektedir. Bunun en belirgin örneği de milletlerarası yatırım mahkemesinin kurulma çalışmalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım, Devlet Egemenliği, 2. Dünya Savaşı

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS

Foreign direct investment is currently one the fastest growing parts of international law. It has increased due to the proliferation of bilateral investment treaties (BIT). The contribution of the BITs has ensured the protection of foreign investors and investment. In other words, in cases where there is a dispute, the investor will settle the dispute before the impartial and independent arbitration tribunal instead of the courts of the host state. Thus, BITs limit the host states’ sovereignty by providing arbitration method. Although the introduction of arbitration method is considered to be a big step after the Second World War, it cannot be said that it solves the fundamental problem over the time. Before the war, when an investment dispute arose, the investor was used to go to the court of the host state and see the sovereignty power. After the war, investor has been encountered the same effect in the execution of the arbitral award in the host state. Therefore, the focus of the article will be on the history of international investment law based on dispute settlement systems of BITs compared with historical investment dispute settlement systems. In addition, it is argued that the application to arbitration does not change the result of state sovereignty. It may signal future problems in this field since it causes revisiting to the court system. The most obvious example of this is the efforts to establish a multilateral investment court.

Keywords:

FDI, State Sovereignty, The World War II,

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