UKRAYNA KİLİSESİ’NİN BAĞIMSIZLIĞI: RUSYA UKRAYNA’DAKİ YUMUŞAK GÜÇ ARACINI NASIL KAYBEDİYOR

Bağımsız Ukrayna Ortodoks Kilisesi’nin 2018 yılı sonunda kurulması, Kilise’nin Rusya ve Ukrayna’nın iç ve dış politikalarındaki rolü hakkındaki tartışmaların önünü açmıştır. Bu makale, Joseph Nye tarafından geliştirilen kuramsal yaklaşımı kullanarak Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi'ni (ROK) Kremlin'in yumuşak güç aracı olarak incelemeyi ve Rusya'da muhafazakâr ideolojiyi tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, otosefalinin Rusya ve ROK için doğuracağı sonuçlar analiz edilmiştir. Makale, Rusya’nın Kırım’ı ilhakı ve Doğu Ukrayna’daki savaşın milli seferberliği kolaylaştırdığını ve bunun sonucunda 2014’te Rus karşıtı bir aday olan Poroşenko’nun seçildiğini savunmaktadır. Poroşenko, her ne kadar siyasi çıkarları için de olsa bağımsız Kilise’nin kurulmasını teşvik eden kişidir. Makale ayrıca, tomosun eğitim ve kültür kurumları tarafından tesis edilen Rus Dünyası istikrarını ciddi şekilde sarstığını ve ROK'un Ukrayna'daki konumunu kötüleştirdiğini savunmaktadır. Makale, mevzuatı, Rusya ve Ukrayna'daki dini meselelerle ilgili resmi açıklamaları, kiliselerin temsilcilerinin beyanlarını ve konunun her iki ülke medyasında nasıl yer aldığını analiz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otosefali, ROK, Rusya, Yumuşak Güç

INDEPENDENCE OF THE UKRAINIAN CHURCH: HOW RUSSIA IS LOSING ITS SOFT POWER TOOL IN UKRAINE

The establishment of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine in the end of 2018 opened the way for discussions of the Church’s role in domestic and foreign policies of Russia and Ukraine. Using the theoretical approach developed by Joseph Nye, this article seeks to examine Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a soft power tool of Kremlin along with discussing conservative ideology in Russia itself. In addition, the consequences of autocephaly for Russia and ROC are analyzed. The article argues that annexation of Crimea by Russia and the war in Eastern Ukraine facilitated nationalistic mobilization in the country that resulted in the election of an anti-Russian candidate Poroshenko. Poroshenko was the one who promoted establishment of an independent Church despite his political interests. The article also argues that tomos seriously undermines the stability of the Russian World, erected by means of the educational and cultural institutions and deteriorates the position of ROC in Ukraine. The method of content-analysis is used to examine legislation, official speeches on religious issues in Russia and Ukraine, statements of the Churches’ representatives, as well as media coverage of the issue in both countries.

Keywords:

Autocephaly, ROC, Russia, Soft Power,

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