POSTKOLONYAL AVRUPA’DA İSLAM ALGISI

Bu makale Avrupa’nın İslam algısını postkolonyal bakış açısıyla araştırmaktadır. Makalede postkolonyal kavramı hem periyodik anlamda sınırlama hem de kuramsal yaklaşım anlamda konuyu analiz etme amacıyla kullanıldı. Birinci manasıyla Avrupa’nın İslam algısını üç ana döneme ayırmak mümkündür: sömürgecilik-öncesi İslam algısı, sömürge dönemi İslam algısı ve sömürge-sonrası İslam algısı. Bu makale sömürge-sonrası (postkolonyal) Avrupa’nın İslam algısını konu olarak ele alır. Yine bu makale, postkolonyal kuramsal yaklaşımın dönemler arasında algı farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarma ve analiz etmede en uygun teori olduğunu savunur. Postkolonyal teori Avrupa’nın günümüz İslam algısının önceki dönemlerin algılarından kopuk olmadığını, yeni zeminlerde ve değişen faktörlerle yeni algı biçimlerinin oluştuğunu iddia eder. Bu bağlamda, kolonyal dönemde Avrupa’nın İslam algısı Avrupa sömürgeciliği ve Avrupa oryantalizminden beslenirken, Avrupa’nın postkolonyal İslam algısı, Avrupa toplumlarında yaşayan Müslümanlar ve global ölçekte İslam ve Müslümanların merkezinde yer aldığı olaylar üzerinden oluştu. Dolayısıyla Avrupa’nın İslam algısı, postkolonyal dönemde öne çıkan İslamofobik söylem ve pratikler üzerinde durularak açıklanabilir. Avrupa’da İslamofobya, bu bağlamda hem yerel hem de küresel bir takım faktörlerin ürünüdür. Yerel olarak, Avrupa’da nüfusu artan Müslümanlara yönelik entegrasyon politikalarının tam anlamıyla başarılı olamayışı, İslam-karşıtlığı algısının oluşmasına birinci zemini hazırdı. Diğer yandan, küresel ölçekte Ortadoğu’da yeni-sömürgecilik düzene karşı ortaya çıkan silahlı grupların İslami söylemlerle bu düzeni bozma eylemleri Avrupa’da İslam-karşıtlığı algısının ikinci zeminini hazırlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Postkolonyalizm, Avrupa, İslam, Entegrasyon, İslamofobi.

PERCEPTION OF ISLAM IN POSTCOLONIAL EUROPE

This article explores European perception of Islam from a postcolonial perspective. In this article the concept of postcolonial is used to analyze the subject in terms of both defining periodization and theoretical approach. In the first sense, European perception of Islam can be divided into three main periods: pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial. This article examines postcolonial European perception of Islam. The article argues that the postcolonial theoretical approach is an appropriate method to reveal the differences in perception between the periods. In this regard, postcolonial theory contends that the current perception of Islam in Europe is inseparable from those of early periods, and that new forms of perceptions have been constructed on new grounds and with changing factors. In this context, while European perception of Islam in colonial period was fueled by European colonialism and European orientalism, the postcolonial perception of Islam in Europe has been shaped by some events at global scales in which Muslims and Islam have been drawn to the center. Hence, European perception of Islam can be explained by focusing on Islamophobic discourses and practices that emerged in the postcolonial period. Islamophobia in Europe, thus, could be considered as a side product of both local and global factors. Locally, the failure of the integration policies towards Muslims in Europe has not been fully successful, which has laid a ground for the emergence of anti-Islamic perceptions. At the global scale, the actions of the armed groups that targeted the neo-colonial order in the Middle East with Islamic discourses have provided a second ground for the rise of Islamophobic perceptions in Europe.

Keywords:

Poscolonialism, , Europe, , Islam,

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