Atık Çay Ekstraktında Üretilen Aspergillus niger Misellerinden Elde Edilen Kitosanın Özellikleri

Bu çalışmada, atık çay ekstraktından üretilen Aspergillus niger’den kimyasal yöntemlerle kitosan özütlenerek, bu kitosan örneklerinin belirli özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Kurutulmuş atık çaylardan %5, 10 ve 20 konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan karışımlar sterilize edilip süzüldükten sonra A. niger aşılanmış ve 25°C'de 5 gün inkübe edilmiştir. Elde edilen biyokütleden kimyasal yöntem kullanılarak kitosan ekstrakte edilmiştir. Elde edilen kitosanın yapısal özellikleri FT-IR, FESEM ve NMR ile belirlenmiştir. Üretilen kitosanın antimikrobiyal özellikleri Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif bakterilere, mayalara ve küflere karşı disk difüzyon testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, %5, 10 ve 20 konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan çay ekstraktlarında üretilen A. niger misellerinin kitosan ekstraksiyon veriminin sırasıyla %13.98, 15.71 ve 17.57 olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen FT-IR, FESEM ve NMR spektrumlarının benzer çalışmalarda rapor edilen A. niger‘den üretilen kitosan ve ticari kitosan ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Gram pozitif ve negatif bakterilere karşı %1 ve 2-4 kitosan solüsyonları sırasıyla 7 ile 8 mm inhibisyon zonu oluşturmuştur. Saccharomyces cerevisiae kitosana karşı en hassas kültür olarak belirlenmiştir. Ticari kitosan, fungal kitosana göre test edilen mikroorganizmalara karşı daha fazla antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. Fungal kitosanın deasetilasyon derecesi %92 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, çevre açısından önem kazanan atık maddelerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla atık çaylarda geliştirilen A. niger küfünden kitosan üretimi ilk defa gerçekleştirilmiş olup, çalışma bu konudaki araştırmalar için yol gösterici niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aspergillus niger, Kitosan, Atık çay

Characteristics of Chitosan from Aspergillus niger Micelles Produced in Waste Tea Extract

This study investigated specific properties of chitosan extracted by chemical methods from the micelles of Aspergillus niger grown in tea waste extract. Mixtures prepared from dried tea wastes at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations were sterilized and filtered, then A. niger was inolulated and incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Chitosan was extracted from the biomass by using a chemical method. The results of FT-IR, FESEM, and NMR analyses were used to determine the structural properties of chitosan extracted. In addition, antimicrobial properties of chitosan against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds were determined by using the disk diffusion test. Results showed that chitosan extraction efficiencies were 13.98, 15.71 and 17.57% for A. niger micelles produced in tea extracts prepared at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations, respectively. It was observed that FT-IR and NMR spectra were compatible with both chitosan from A. niger reported by similar studies and commercial chitosan. It was observed that 1 and 2-4% chitosan solution formed inhibition zones of 7 and 8 mm in diameter against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, respectively. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most susceptible culture to chitosan. Commercial chitosan showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms than fungal chitosan. The deacetylation degree of fungal chitosan was 92%. According to the results of this study, the production of chitosan from A. niger mold grown in waste teas was carried out for the first time in order to evaluate the waste materials that have gained importance in terms of the environment, and this study could be used as a guide for future studies on this subject.

Keywords:

Aspergillus niger, Tea waste, Chitosan,

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