Üzümsü Meyvelerin Biyoaktif Bileşenleri ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri

Üzümsü meyveler ve ürünleri günümüzde “fonksiyonel gıdalar” olarak bilinmekte ve gıda endüstrisinde artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Başta antosiyaninler olmak üzere diğer meyvelere göre daha yüksek antioksidan kapasitesine sahip üzümsü meyvelerin hastalıklara yakalanma riskleri ile hastalık semptomlarını azaltarak, sağlık üzerine koruyucu etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Türkiye, 2021 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) verilerine göre meyve üretiminde dünyada beşinci sırada yer almasına rağmen üzümsü meyvelerin üretim miktarı düşük olup bu meyvelerin önemi hala anlaşılamamış durumdadır. Bu nedenle, sağlığı olumlu yönde etkilediği düşünülen üzümsü meyvelere olan ilginin ülkemizde artırılması, hem bilimsel açıdan hem de üretimini artırabilmek amacıyla ekonomik açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı üzümsü meyvelerin içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenler ile insan sağlığı üzerine etkilerini son on yılda yapılmış klinik çalışmalarla değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla planlanan sistematik olmayan derlemede, Dergipark, PubMed, Elsevier ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında yapılan literatür taraması sonucu toplam 32 uluslararası klinik çalışma derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Türkiye’de insanlar üzerinde yapılmış bir klinik çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Sonuçlar, üzümsü meyvelerin sağlığı olumlu yönde etkileyerek antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, anti-diyabet, kardiyovasküler sistemi koruyucu, lipid metabolizmasını iyileştirici, hipertansiyondan koruyucu, kolon kanseri semptomlarını azaltıcı etkisi ile mikrobiyotayı olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Kesin mekanizmaları ve uzun dönem etkilerinin anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla klinik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Üzümsü meyveler, Fonksiyonel gıda, Biyoaktif bileşen, Antosiyanin, Sağlık etkisi

Bioactive Components of Berry Fruits and Their Effects on Human Health

Berry fruits and their products are known as “functional foods” and have a growing interest in the food industry. Berries have high antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin contents in comparison to other fruits, and they are considered to have protective effects on human health by reducing the risks and symptoms of diseases. Although Turkey is in a prominent position with fruit production, having in the fifth place in the world according to the 2019 Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK) data, the amount of berry fruit production is low, and its importance is still poorly understood. For this reason, it is very important to increase the interest in berry fruits, which are thought to have a positive effect on health, in our country, both scientifically and economically in order to increase their production. This review aims to evaluate the bioactive compounds of berry fruits and their health effects on human with clinical studies conducted in the last decade. To reach this goal, a literature search was conducted in DergiPark, PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar databases and a total of 32 international clinical studies were included in this non-systematic review. No clinical human study was found in Turkey. Results showed that berry fruits have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes effect and protective effect on the cardiovascular system, effect of improved lipid metabolism, anti-hypertension effect, and reducing effect of colon cancer symptoms and beneficial effects on microbiota by positively affecting human health. More clinical studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms and long-term effects.

Keywords:

Berry fruits, Functional food, Bioactive compound, Anthocyanin, Health effect,

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