Simulation of Irrigation and Reservoir Storage in the Develi Basin (Turkey) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

The efficacy of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was evaluated for simulating irrigation and reservoir storage in the Develi Basin in Turkey. Develi Basin is a semi-arid closed basin that hosts an important wetland, called the Sultan Marshes. Surface water flows in the basin are strongly controlled through Ağcaaşar and Kovalı reservoirs, which supply water for irrigating the agricultural lands around the Sultan Marshes. SWAT is a semi-distributed hydrologic model that can be used for simulating irrigation practices and crop development. In this study, the SWAT model was established based on topographic, land use, soil, and meteorological data. Irrigation in the basin is represented with the auto irrigation tool, which determines the timing and amount of irrigation based on plant water stress factor. SUFI-2 algorithm available in the SWAT-CUP program was used for calibration/validation of the model for monthly reservoir storage over the period 2000–2015. This procedure resulted in Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) of 0.69 and 0.70, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.36 and 0.60, and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.54 and 0.75 for calibration between the simulated and measured water storage. For validation KGE was 0.63 and 0.57, NSE was 0.23 and 0.13, and R2 was 0.50 for validation. Results indicated that SWAT can provide reasonable predictions for simulating monthly irrigation and reservoir storage in the Develi Basin.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

SWAT, reservoir storage, irrigation, Develi Basin

Develi Ovası’nda Sulama ve Rezervuar Depolamasının SWAT ile Simülasyonu

Develi Ovası’nda sulama ve rezervuar depolamasını simüle etmek için SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) kullanılmıştır. Develi Ovası, önemli sulak alanlarımızdan Sultan Sazlığı’na ev sahipliği yapan yarı kurak iklim özelliğine sahip bir ovadır. Ovadaki yüzeysel akışlar, Sultan Sazlığı çevresindeki tarım arazilerinin sulanması için su sağlayan Ağcaaşar ve Kovalı rezervuarları ile kontrol edilmektedir. SWAT, sulama uygulamalarını ve bitki büyümesini simüle etmek için kullanılabilen bir hidrolojik modeldir. Bu çalışmada model, topografik, arazi kullanımı, toprak ve meteorolojik verilere dayalı olarak geliştirilmiştir. Ovadaki sulama, bitki su stres faktörüne dayalı sulama zamanını ve miktarını belirleyen otomatik sulama aracı ile temsil edilmiştir. SWAT-CUP programında mevcut SUFI-2 algoritması, 2000–2015 dönemi boyunca aylık rezervuar depolama için modelin kalibrasyonu/validasyonu için kullanılmıştır. Bu prosedür ölçülen ve simüle edilen rezervuar depolaması arasında kalibrasyon dönemi için Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) değerini 0.69 ve 0.70, Nash-Sutcliffe Verimliliği (NSE) değerini 0.36 ve 0.60 ve determinasyon katsayısı (R2) değerini 0.75-0.54 olarak oluşturmuştur. Doğrulama dönemi için KGE = 0.63-0.57, NSE = 0.23-0.13 ve R2 = 0.50 olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, SWAT'ın Develi Ovası’nda aylık sulama ve rezervuar depolamalarını simüle etmek için makul tahminler sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir.

PDF

___

Abbaspour K.C., Vejdani M., Haghighat S., 2007. SWATCUP calibration and uncertainty programs for SWAT. In: Oxley L, Kulasiri D, editors. MODSIM 2007 Proceedings of the International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2007; Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1603– 1609.
Abera, F. F., Asfaw, D, H., Angida, A, N., Melesse, A.,.2018. Optimal Operation of Hydropower Reservoirs under Climate Change: The Case of Tekeze Reservoirs, Eastern Nile.Water. Arnold, J.G., R. Srinivasan, R.S. Muttiah, and J.R. Williams. 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 34(1):73–89.
Dadaser-Celik, F., Bauer, M. E., Brezonik, P. L.,Stefan, H. G. 2008. Changes in the Sultan Marshes ecosystem (Turkey) in satellite images 1980-2003. Wetlands, 28, pp. 852-865.
Gupta, H. V., Kling, H., Yilmaz, K. K., & Martinez, G. F.2009. Decomposition of the mean squared error and NSE performance criteria: Implications for improving hydrological modelling. Journal of Hydrology, 377(1–2), 80–91.
Guse, B., Pfannerstill, M., Strauch, M., Reusser, D.E., Lüdtke, S., Volk, M., et al., 2016. On characterizing the temporal dominance patterns of model parameters and processes. Hydrol. Process. 30, 2255–2270.
Jouma N. and Dadaser-Celik F.2017. Hydrological Modeling of the Develi Basin using SWAT. Nevsehir University, the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Symposium, 8-10 October 2017, Nevsehir, Turkey.
Liu, Y., Yang, W., Yu, Z., Lung, I., Yarotski, J., Elliott, J., Tiessen, K., 2014. Assessing Effects of Small Dams on Stream Flow and Water Quality in an Agricultural Watershed. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 19 (10): 501-504.
Masih, I., Maskey, S., Uhlenbrook, S., Smakhtin, V., 2011. Assessing the impact of areal precipitation input on streamflow simulations using the SWAT model. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 47, 179–195.
Neitsch, S. L., J. G. Arnold, J. R. Kiniry, and J. R. Williams, 2002: Soil and Water Assessment Tool theoretical documentation, version 2000. Texas Water Resources Institute TWRI Rep.TR-191, 458.
Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R. and Williams, J.R. 2011. Soil & Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2009. Technical Report, Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, 1-647.
Nash JE, Sutcliffe JV.1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models. Part 1: discussion of principles. J Hydrol 10: 282–290.
Rahman, K., Maringanti, C., Beniston, M., Widmer, F., Abbaspour, K., Lehmann, A.,.2013. Streamflow modeling in a highly managed mountainous glacier watershed using SWAT: the upper Rhone river watershed case in Switzerland. Water Resour. Manag. 27, 323–339.