Üniversite Sıralamaları Ne Söyle(mez)r? Buz Dağının Görünen ve Görünmeyen Yüzü

Üniversite sıralamaları, yükseköğretim paydaşları tarafından küresel çaptaki üniversitelerin göreli performanslarını kıyaslayabilmek için her yıl merakla beklenmektedir. Sıralamalara paydaşların göstermiş olduğu ilgi yeni sıralama kuruluşlarının ortaya çıkmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Üniversitelerin akademik özelliklerinin nicelleştirildiği gösterge puanlarına dayandırılan sıralama sonuçlarının üniversitelerin akademik başarıları hakkında genel geçer bilgiler sağladığına inanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle sıralamaların yükseköğretim kurumlarını biçimlendirmekte, paydaşların kararlarını da derinden etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla sıralamaların, yükseköğretim paydaşlarını nasıl şekillendirme(me)si gerektiği çeşitli perspektiflerden ele alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sıralamaların metodolojik ve teorik temelleri ile birlikte performans ölçütleri değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra literatürde yer alan perspektifler işlevsel olarak incelenmiş, sıralamalara yönelik bakış açısını genişletmek için yeni perspektifler ortaya konmuştur. Sıralamaların eksik ve tutarsız yönleri yapılan analizlerle vurgulanmış, bu kuruluşların medya yoluyla oluşturduğu algının aksine paydaşların sıralama sonuçlarının doğrudan ya da dolaylı etkilerini, görünen ya da gösterilenlerin ötesinde değerlendirebilmeleri için buz dağının görünmeyen yüzüne dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dünya üniversite sıralamaları, sıralamalarda yeni perspektifler, sıralamaların etkileri

What Do(‘nt) University Rankings Tell Us? The Visible and Invisible Side of the Iceberg

University rankings are curiously awaited by higher education stakeholders each year to compare the relative performance of universities globally. The interest shown by the stakeholders in the rankings has led to the emergence of new ranking institutions. It is believed that the ranking results based on the indicator scores in which the academic characteristics of the universities are quantified provide generally valid information about the academic achievements of the universities. For this reason, rankings shape higher education institutions and deeply affect the decisions of stakeholders. Therefore, how rankings should (not) shape higher education stakeholders must be considered from various perspectives. In this study, first of all, the methodological and theoretical foundations of the rankings and performance criteria were evaluated. Next, the perspectives in the literature were examined functionally, and new perspectives were put forward to expand the perspective on rankings. The incomplete and inconsistent aspects of the rankings were emphasized by the analysis, and the invisible side of the iceberg was pointed out so that stakeholders could evaluate the direct or indirect effects of the ranking results beyond the visible or shown, contrary to the perception created by these organizations through the media.

Keywords:

World üniversity rankings, New perspectives on rankings, Effects of rankings,

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