DEPRESSION AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG HOTEL EMPLOYEES1

Bu çalışma Borum'da konaklama sektörü işletmelerinde farklı departmanlarda çalışan personelin depresyon seviyeleri ve işten ayrılma niyetlerini amaçlamaktadır. Bodrum'da yer alan 8 adet 5 yıldızlı otelde bulunan 104 otel çalışanı ile yapılan anket çalışmasının sonuçlarına göre tüm çalışanlar arasında depresyon ve işten ayrılma niyeti oldukça yüksek çıkmıştır. Çalışmada özellikle departmanlar açısından bakıldığında mutfak ve servis personelinin depresyon ve işten ayrılma niyetlerinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bu işletmelerdeki insan kaynakları, departman yöneticileri ve üst düzey yöneticiler açısından önemli sonuçları olduğu tespit edilmiştir

KONAKLAMA SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN DEPRESYON SEVİYELERİ VE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETLERİ

This study explores depression and turnover intentionsof employees in the Turkish hospitality industry. A survey with 104 hotel employees in Bodrum, Turkey has been carried out. The findings suggest depressed hotel employees have a higher tendency to have the intention to leave their jobs. Particularly, hotel employees in the kitchen and service staff tend to be more depressed in their jobs. Employees working in kitchen and service have a relatively higher tendency to leave their jobs. The study has practical implications for the managers of hospitality establishments

PDF

___

Adler, D.A., McLaughin, T.J., Rogers, W.H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., and Lerner, D. (2006) “Job Performance Deficits Due to Depression”, American Journal of Psychiatry, 163: 1569-1576.
Akın, A. and Çetin, B. (2007) “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS): The Study of Validity and Reliability”, Educational Science: Theory and Practice, 7(1): 241-268.
Allen, D.G., Weeks, K.P., and Moffit, K.R. (2005) “Turnover Intentions and Voluntary Turnover: The Moderating Roles of Self-Monitoring”, Locus of Control, Proactive Personality, and Risk Aversion, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5): 980–990.
Batt, R. (2000) “Strategic Segmentation in Front Line Services: Matching Customers, Employees and Human Resource Management Systems”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11: 540–561.
Boella, M.J. (1988) “Human Resource Management in the Hotel & Catering Industry”, London: Hutchinson.
Chalkiti, K., and Sigala, M. (2010) “Staff turnover in the Greek tourism industry: a comparison between insular and peninsular regions”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3): 335-359.
Chickwe, A.C., (2010) “The Impact of Employee Turnover: The Case of Leisure, Tourism, and Hospitality Industry”, The Consortium Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 14(1): 43-56.
Cohen, J.(1988) “Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.)”, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
DeCarlo, L.T. (1997) “On the Meaning and Use of Kurtosis”, Psychological Methods, 2: 292-307.
Demiral, Y., Akvardar, Y., Ergör, A., And Ergör, G. (2006) “ÜniversiteHastanesindeÇalışanHekimlerdeİşDoyumununAnksiyeteveDepresyonDüzeylerin eEtkisi”, DEU Tıp Dergisi, 20(3):157-164.
Dobson, K., and Dozois, D.J.A. (2008) “Introduction: Assesing Risk and Resilience Factors in Models of Depression,” in Dobson, K., and Dozois, D.J.A. (eds.) Risk Factors in Depression, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Doyle, P. (2008) “Value-Based Marketing. Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value (2nd ed.)”, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Eaton, W.W., Anthony, J.C, Mandel, W., and Garrison, R. (1990) “Occupations and the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder”, Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 32: 1079– 1087.
Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. (2010) “Predicting the Changing Behaviour: The Reasoned Action Approach”, New York: Psychology Press.
Grieco, R., and Edwards, L. (2010) “The Other Depression: Bipolar Depression”, New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Publication.
Griffeth, R.W., Hom, P.W., and Gaertner, S. (2000) “A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium”, Journal of Management, 26: 463–488.
Groeneveld, R.A. and Meeden, G. (1984) “Measuring Skewness and Kurtosis”, The Statistician, 33: 391- 399.
Gruber, T., Szmigin, I., and Voss, R. (2009) “Handling Customer Complaints Effectively: A Comparison of the Value Maps of Female and Male Complainants”, Managing Service Quality, 19(6): 636–656.
Haar, J., and Roche, M. (2011) “Work-Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, Depression and Turnover Intentions: A Cross-National Study, In Work-Life: Cross-National Conversations”, Context Theorizing in Work-Life Research, 17 May, 2011, Paris, http://researcharchive.wintec.ac.nz/1081/ (11.12.2012).
Hopkins, K.D. and Weeks, D.L. (1990) “Tests for Normality and Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis: Their Place in Research Reporting”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50: 717- 729.
Hotopf M., and Wessely S., (1997) “Stress in the Workplace: Unfinished Business”, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43(1):1– 6. International Social Survey Program, (2005) http://www.jdsurvey.net/jds/jdsurveyAnalisis.jsp?ES_COL=127&Idioma=I&SeccionCol=06 &ESID=453 (11.12.2012).
Kaya, B., and Kaya, M. (2007) “1960’lardan GünümüzeDepresyonunEpidemolojisi, TarihselBirBakış”, KlinikPsikiyatri, 10(6): 3-10.
Kessler, R.C., Barber, C., Birnbaum, H.G., Frank, R.G., Greenberg, P.E., Rose, M.R., Simon, G.E., and Wang,P. (1999) “Depression in the Workplace: Effects on Short-Term Disability”, Health Affairs, 18(5): 163-171.
Kessler R.C, Greenberg P.E., Mickelson K.D., Meneades, L.M., and Wang P.S. (2001) “The Effects of Chronic Medical Conditions on Work Loss and Work Cutback”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 43(3): 218–225.
Koc, E. (2002) “The Impact of Gender in Marketing Communications: the role of cognitive and affective cues”, Journal of Marketing Communications, 8 (4): 257-275.
Koc, E. (2013) “Power distance and its implications for upward communication and empowerment: Crisis management and recovery in hospitality services”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(19): 3681-3696.
Koc, E., Ulukoy, M., Kilic, R., Yumusak, S. and Bahar, R. (2015) The Influence of Customer Participation on Service Failure Perceptions, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence (Article in Press)
Lambert, E.G., Hogan, L.N., and Barton, S.M. (2001) “ The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intent: A Test of a Structural Measurement Model Using a National Sample of Workers”, The Social Science Journal, 38(2):233-250.
Lecrubier, Y. (2001) “The Burden of Depression and Anxiety in General Medicine”, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(8):4-9.
Lee, T.W. and Mowday, R.T. (1987) “Voluntarily Leaving an Organization:An Empirical Investigation of Steers And Mowday’s Model of Turnover”, Academy of Management Journal, 30(4): 721-743.
Lerner, D., Adler, D.A., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., Maggie, Y. H., Perissinotto, C., Reed, C., McLaughlin, T.J., Berndt, E.R., and Rogers, W.H. (2004) “Unemployment, Job Retention, and Productivity Loss Among Employees with Depression”, Psychiatric Services, 55(12): 1371-1378.
Lovibond, P. F.,andLovibond, S. H. (1995) “Thestructure of negativeemotionalstates: Comparison of theDepressionAnxietyStressScales (DASS) withtheBeckDepressionandAnxiety Inventories”, Behaviourresearchandtherapy, 33(3): 335-343.
Marneros, A. (2006) “Mood Disorders: Epidemiology and Natural History”, Psychiatry, 5(4): 119– 122.
Marcotte, D. E., Virginia, Wilcox-Gök, D., and Patrick R. (1999) “Prevalence and Patterns of Major Depressive Disorder in the United States Labor Force”, Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 2(3): 123-131.
Mintz J, Mintz LI, Arruda MJ, and Hwang SS (1992) “Treatments of Depression and the Functional Capacity to Work”, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49:761–768.
Monroe, M. R., Skowronski, J. J., MacDonald, W., and Wood, S. E. (2005) “The Mildly Depressed Experience More Post-Decisional Regret Than the Non-Depressed”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24: 665–690.
Moors, J.J.A. (1986) “The Meaning of Kurtosis: Darlington Reexamined”, The American Statistician, 40: 283-284.
Moor, R., and Garland, A. (2003) “Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression”, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Murray C.J.L., and Lopez A.D. (1996) “The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability From Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020”, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Patterson, P.F., Cowley, E., and Prasongsukarn, K. (2006) “Service Failure Recovery: The Moderating Impact of Individual-Level Cultural Value Orientation on Perceptions of Justice”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3): 263–277.
Polat, M. (2009) “ÖrgütselÖzdeşleşmeninÖncülleriveArdıllarıÜzerineBirSahaÇalışması”, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, UludağÜniversitesi, SosyalBilimlerEnstitüsü.
Riotto, M. (2001) “Depression in the Workplace: Negative Effects, Perspective on Drug Costs and Benefit Solutions”, Benefits Quarterly, Second Quarter, 37-47.
SağlıkBakanlığı, (2004) TürkiyeHastalıkYüküÇalışması, http://ekutuphane.tusak.gov.tr/ kitaplar/turkiye_hastalik_yuku_calismasi.pdf (08.12.2012).
Sandra, S., (1996) “Depression: Questions You Have...Answers You Need, USA: Peoples Medical Society.
Saygın, M., Yaşar, S., Çetinkaya, G., Kayan, M., and Özgüner, M.F., (2011), RadyolojiÇalışanlarındaDepresyonveAnksiyeteDüzeyleri, S.D.Ü. SağlıkBilimleriEnstitüsüDergisi, 2(3): 139-144.
Scott, N., Laws, E., and Prideaux, B. (2008) “Tourism Crises and Recovery Strategies”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 23(2–4): 1–13.
Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K., and Lehman, D. R. (2002) “Maximizing Versus Satisficing: Happiness is a Matter of Choice”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83:1178–1197.
Shani, A., and Pizam, A. (2009) “Work-Related Depression among Hotel Emplpoyees”, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 50(4): 446-459.
Simons, T., and Hinkin, T. (2001) “The Effect of Employee Turnover on Hotel Profits A Test Across Multiple Hotels”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42(4): 65-69.
Smith, A., (2001), Perceptions of Stress at Work, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol: 11(4), pp: 74-86. Stein, D.J. (2003) “Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience of Depression and Anxiety Disorders”, London: Martin Dunitz: Taylor and Francis Group.
Sousa-Poza, A., and Henneberger, F. (2004) “Analyzing Job Mobility with Job Turnover Intentions: An International Comparative Study, Journal of Economic Issues, 38(1):113-137.
Tak, B., and Çiftçioğlu, A. (2009) “AlgılananÖrgütselPrestij İle ÖrgütselBağlılıkve ÖrgütselÖzdeşleşmeArasındakíİlişkilerinİncelenmesineYönelikBirAraştırma”, AkdenizÜniv ersitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18:100-116.
Tanke, M.L. (1990) “Human Resource Management for the hospitality Industry”, New York: Delmar Tett, R.P., and Meyer, J.P. (1993) “Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention: Path Analyses Based on Meta-Analytic Findings”, Personnel Psychology, 46: 259–293.
The Canadian Tourism Human Resource Council, (March 2011) “2010 Canadian Tourism Sector Compensation Study”,http://cthrc.ca/en/research_publications/~/media/Files/CTHRC/Home /research_publications/compensation/Compensation_Study_Report_Current_EN.ashx (08.01.2013).
Waldman, D.J., Kelly, F., Arora, S., and Smith, H.L,. (2004) “The Shocking Cost of Turnover in Health Care”, Health Care Management Review, 29(1): 2-7.
Wells, K.B., and Sturm, R. (1995) “Care For Depression in an Changing Environment”, Health Affairs, 14(3): 78-89.
Wood, S. (1999) “Human resource management and performance”, International Journal of Management Reviews, 1(4): 367-413