AVRUPA'DA FİNANSAL KRİZ VE CİNSİYET POLİTİKALARI

ABD'de 2008'de yaşanan ekonomik kriz, Avrupa'daki işgücü piyasalarını kötü etkiledi. İstihdam oranlari Avrupa genelinde hızla düştü. Krize neden olan durgunluk, erkeklerin aksine kadın istihdamını daha az etkiledi. Krizin ikinci aşaması, özellikle erkek istihdamını daha fazla desteklemesi beklenen konsolidasyonlarda teşvik paketi uygulamasıyla dikkat çekmiştir. Kemer sıkma planlarının uygulamaya konulduğu üçüncü aşama, kadın istihdamı için kolay olmamıştır. Krizin tüm bu cinsiyet temelli etkileri, cinsiyet temelli mesleki ve sektörel ayrışmayla daha açık hale gelmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Avrupa'daki çeşitli kriz aşamalarında kadınların istihdam durumunu analiz etmektir. İtalya ve İspanya gibi bazı ülkelerde kriz cinsiyetler arasındaki farkı daraltarak etkiledi; bu temelde cinsiyet sektörel ayrımı ile açıklanmaktadır. Danimarka ve Birleşik Krallık'ta, kriz sırasında çeşitli ekonomik sektörlerin aynı dağılımdan yararlandığı zamana kıyasla, daha yüksek iş kayıpları nedeniyle kadınlar sektörel ayrımdan daha az korunuyor. Bu çalışma, krizin ve politik müdahalelerin cinsiyet eşitliği meselesinin ele alınmasına yardımcı olup olmadığını veya gelişmelerin durumu gerçekten kötüleştirip iyileştirmediğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekonomik kriz, cinsiyet ayrımı, cinsiyete ilişkin AB politikaları

FINANCIAL CRISIS AND GENDER POLITICS IN EUROPE

The economic crisis that happened in the US in 2008 has affected the labor markets in Europe badly. Employment opportunities have plummeted around Europe as a whole. The recession that occasioned the crisis had a lesser effect on female employment unlike their male counterparts. The second phase of the crisis was notable with stimulus package implementation particularly on consolidations that was supposed to favor male employments more. The third phase where plans of austerity was introduced, might not be easy for female employment. All these gendered based effect of the crisis are made clearer by occupational and sectorial segregation that were gender based. This paper’s focus is to analyze and describe the employment situation for women within the various crisis stages in Europe. In some nations like Italy and Spain, the crisis has impacted the gender gap by narrowing it; this is basically explained by the gender sectorial segregation. In Denmark and UK, women have lesser protection from sectorial segregation due to higher job losses compared to when the various economic sectors had enjoyed the same distribution in the course of the crisis. This paper establishes if the crisis and policy responses have helped address the issue of gender equity or if the developments have actually worsened the case.

Keywords:

economic crisis, gender segregation, EU policies on gender,

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