Hayvanlarda enzootik haematuri’ye neden olan Eğreltiotu’nun insanlardaki toksikolojik etkileri

Eğreltiotu dünyanın her tarafına yayılmış çok yıllık otsu bir bitkidir. Türkiye’de yaygın olan Kartal eğreltisi Pteridium aquilinium , üst yüzü çıplak, alt yüzü tüylü, spor keseleri yaprakların kenarında bir çizgi halinde toplanmış bir bitkidir. Eğreltiotu tannin, indanones ve pteroloctama içeren çeşitli biokimyasal bileşikler ve siyanojenik glikozid veya prunasin, tiaminaz ve ptaquiloside denilen kanserojen maddeleri içerir. Egreltiotunun kronik toksikolojisi idrar kesesi mukozasında ve kese duvarındaki tümörlerde kanamanın varlığı ile ortaya çıkar. Bu klinik sendrom enzootik hematüri olarak adlandırılır. Hayvanlarda hematüri, lökopeni, anemi ve hemoglobin seviyelerinde azalma görülür. Güney Amerika’da, bazı Asya ülkelerinde ve Japonya’da eğrelti otunun yenilmesiyle ya da bu otu yiyen hayvanların sütünün içilmesiyle ya da bitki sporlarının solunumla akciğerlere yerleşmesi ile insanlara bulaşma olmaktadır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar eğrelti otunun insanlar üzerinde de kanserojenik etki yaptığını ortaya çıkartmıştır. Yurdumuzda daha çok Karadeniz sahilinde eğreltiotu bulunmaktadır. Bitkinin hayvanlar tarafından yenilmesi ile hayvan sağlığı ve verimi etkilenmektedir. Hayvanlardan insanlara bulaşma olması ile insanlarda risk altında olduğundan, bu bölgede yaşayan insanların diğer bölgelere göre kanser riskinin ve çeşidinin araştırılması eğer sindirim sistemi ve mide kanseri yönünden bu bölgelerde bir yoğunluk varsa, egreltiotunun bu artışa etkisinin saptanmasına yönelik kapsamlı araştırmalar yapılmasının yararlı olacağı görüşündeyiz

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eğreltiotu, toksikoloji, kanser, insan, hayvan

Toxicological effects of bracken fern in human, which is the cause of enzootıc haematurı in animal

Bracken fern genus Pteridium has been described as one of the most common plants on the earth. Bracken fern is a perennial fern, which spread and persists by rhizome. The fronds vary from yellowish-green to dark green in colour and are divided into fine segments with a tough texture. The segments are narrow and the edges are inrolled with a line of brown spore bearing sporangia inside the rolled edges. The poisonous and carcinogenic substances found in Bracken are tannin, indanones, pteroloctama, glycoside or prunasin, thiaminase, ptaquiloside. It has been recognized that the consumption of bracken fern by cattle induces bladder and intestinal carcinomas and also causes a number of diseases in other farm animal s. Bracken fern is grown commercially for human consuption in several regions, including Japan, northeastern US, Brazil and it also eaten by humans. Moreover, ingestion of bracken fern toxins can also occur indirectly through dairy products from contamined cattle milk or by aspiration of bracken spores in the spring. Epidemiological studies have shown a suggestive association between human exposure to bracken and increased risk of tumors in upper gastrointestinal tract. Pteridium aquilinium is common plant in Blacksea region in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate whether consuming this plant is a risk factor increasing the cancer and to evaluate the common types of cancer in this region together with the effect of this plant in that tendency

Keywords:

Bracken fern, toxicology, cancer, human, animal,

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