Murat Necip ARMAN, Selahattin Ertürk ÇİFTÇİ

Güvenliğin Kalkınma Boyutu: Karadağ Örneği

Küreselleşme ile birlikte sınır aşan tehditlerin varlıkları tüm dünyada hissedilmeye başlamıştır. Bu tehditlerle kapsamlı ve çok boyutlu bir mücadelenin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla 1994 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından yeni bir güvenlik yaklaşımı ortaya koyulmuştur. 1994 tarihli İnsani Kalkınma Raporu’nda ortaya koyulan insan güvenliği kavramı ile birlikte bireylerin ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi, eğitim, sağlık ve çevre güvenliği gibi alanlarda güvenliklerinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bireylerin güvenliği konusunu öne çıkaran insan güvenliği yaklaşımının öne çıkardığı bir diğer husus kalkınmadır. Devletlerin, kalkınması sayesinde bireylerin güvenliğini sağlama noktasında başarıya ulaşacakları vurgulanmıştır. İnsan güvenliği sayesinde güvenliğe kalkınma boyutu kazandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, insan güvenliği kavramının güvenlik literatürüne kazandırdığı kalkınma kavramı güvenlik çalışmaları açısından ne ifade etmektedir ve Avrupa Birliği’nin uygulamış olduğu koşulluluk stratejisi ile insan güvenliği ve devletlerin kalkınması arasında bir ilişki var mıdır sorularına Karadağ örneğinden hareketle cevap aranacaktır. Bu çerçevede küresel ölçekte insan güvenliğinin uygulayıcısı konumunda bulunan Avrupa Birliği’nin Karadağ’da uyguladığı koşulluluk stratejisi ve genişleme politikasının Karadağ’da ortaya çıkardığı kalkınma ve insan güvenliği alanındaki ilerlemeler incelenecektir. Karadağ’ın kaydetmiş olduğu ilerlemeler Birleşmiş Miletler tarafından çıkarılan İnsani Kalkınma Raporları, Global Peace Index ve Transparency International’in verileri kullanılarak sektörel bazda değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan Güvenliği, Kalkınma, Avrupa Birliği, Karadağ, Küreselleşme, Karadağ

Development Dimension of Security: Montenegro Case

Transnational threats become more visible with the growing effect of globalization. In order to deal with these threats in multidimensional and far-reaching way, United Nations found a new security approach in 1994. Human security notion, which is mentioned in 1994 Human Development Report, aims to sustain security in economic, social, political, educational and ecologic manners. Human security emphasizes development as well as individual’s security. Human security aims states to achieve development goals so they can be successful to sustain security. Thus, development dimension is added to security by means of human security. In this article, we try to find answers for two questions that what development means for security studies and if there is, any link between European Union’s conditionally strategy and States’ development and their human security progress. We will examine European Union’s conditionality and enlargement strategy on Montenegro whether these strategies caused development and human security progress or not. Montenegro’s any progress will be examined though the data from Human Development Reports, Global Peace Index and Transparency International. Finally, based upon achieved progress in Montenegro, the role of European Union for achieving progress in Montenegro and development dimension of security will be explained.

Keywords:

Human Security, Globalization, Development, European Union, Montenegro,

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