KAMU POLİTİKALARINDA DAVRANIŞSAL İKTİSADIN ÖNEMİ: DÜNYA VE TÜRKİYE’DEN UYGULAMA ÖRNEKLERİ / The Importance Of Behavioral Economics In Public Policies: Examples From The World and Turkey

Kamu politikasının başarısı varsayımsal olmayan gerçek bireylerin davranış ve tercihlerinin anlaşılması ile ilişkili olmaktadır. Buradan hareketle davranışsal kamu politikaları her geçen gün daha tercih edilir hale gelmektedir. 2018’de dünya genelinde en az 202 kamu kuruluşu politikalarında davranışsal iç görülere başvurmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada; kamu politikalarına davranışsal yaklaşımlar nasıl entegre edilebilir; ne tür uygulama örnekleri bulunmakta ve ne ölçüde verim sağlanmakta sorularının cevaplandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu yolla davranışsal kamu politikalarının gerekliliği ve önemi tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada literatür değerlendirmesi yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Neticede kamu politikalarının maddi teşvik ve yasaklardan ziyade seçim mimarları tarafından bilinçaltını dürtme, akranları aracılığıyla ikna etme ve toplumsal pazarlama gibi davranışsal yöntemlere dayalı olmasının daha etkili olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ülke ve uluslararası kuruluşların uygulamalarından yola çıkılarak düşük maliyetle toplumsal refahı arttırmada davranışsal kamu politikalarının yaygın kamu politikası uygulamalarından daha etkin olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranışsal Kamu Politikaları, Davranışsal İktisat, Dürtme, Davranışsal İç Görü Takımı

THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN PUBLIC POLICIES: EXAMPLES FROM THE WORLD AND TURKEY / Kamu Politikalarında Davranışsal İktisadın Önemi: Dünya ve Türkiye’den Uygulama Örnekleri

The success of public policy is related to understand the non-hypothetical real individual’s behaviours and preferences. Thus, behavioural public policies have become more preferred day by day. In 2018, minimum 202 public institutes across the world applied behavioural insights for their policies. This study aims to answer the questions as; how the behavioural approaches could integrate to public policies, what kind of applications about behavioural public policies are there and how efficient these policies are. By this way, the importance and necessity of behavioural public policies are discussed. In this study literature review method is used. As a result, it is concluded that public policies based on behavioural methods as nudging subconscious, persuading through their peers and social marketing by choice architectures are more effective than public policies based on financial incentives and prohibitions. Based on the implementations of countries and international organizations. it is thought that; behavioural public policies are more efficient than common public policy practices in increasing social welfare with low cost.

Keywords:

Behavioural Public Policies, Behavioural Economics, Nudge, Behavioural Insight Team,

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