Responses of maize to full and limited ırrigation at different plant growth stages

Bu çalışma, yarı nemli bir iklim bölgesinde, mısır bitkisinin farklı bitki büyüme dönemlerinde uygulanan sulama suyu ile verim arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak ve bitkinin sulamaya karşı en kritik büyüme dönemlerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemeleri, hibrit Pioneer 31P41 çeşidiyle killi tınlı bir toprak üzerinde 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bitkinin bilinen üç kritik gelişme dönemi; vejetatif (V), çiçeklenme (F) ile tane oluşum ve olgunlaşma (T) göz önüne alınmış ve susuz (kontrol), tüm fenolojik gelişme dönemlerinde sulama yapılması (VFG) ile 15 farklı kısıntılı sulama uygulaması (V, F, G, VF, VG, FG, $V_{75}FG$, $V_{50}FG$, $V_{25}FG$, $VF_{75}G$, $VF_{50}G$, $VF_{25}G$, $VFG_{75}$, $VFG_{50}$ and $VFG_{25}$) olmak üzere toplam 17 deneme konusu oluşturulmuştur. En yüksek mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi (ortalama 1133 mm), VFG konusundan belirlenmiştir. Farklı büyüme dönemlerinde uygulanan kısıntılı sulama uygulamaları, verim ve değerlendirmeye alınan verim bileşenleri üzerinde farklı etkiye sahip olmuştur. En yüksek tane ve kuru madde verimleri VFG ve $VFG_{75}$ konularından elde edildiğinden yerel koşullar altında, bu sulama uygulamalarının en iyi seçim olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, mısır bitkisinin su kısıntısına en duyarlı dönemlerinin sırasıyla çiçeklenme ve vejetatif büyüme olduğu saptanmıştır.

Farklı bitki büyüme dönemlerinde uygulanan tam ve kısıntılı sulama uygulamalarına mısır bitkisinin tepkisi

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between yield and irrigation water applied at different growth stages and to determine the most critical stage(s) for maize (Zea mays L.) in a subhumid environment. A rainfed (nonirrigated) treatment as the control, full irrigation (VFG) and 15 different irrigation treatments (V, F, G, VF, VG, FG, $V_{75}FG$, $V_{50}FG$, $V_{25}FG$, $VF_{75}G$, $VF_{50}G$, $VF_{25}G$, $VFG_{75}$, $VFG_{50}$ and $VFG_{25}$) with full or limited (25, 50 and 75%) irrigation water, were applied to the hybrid Pioneer 31P41 (Pioneer Seed Company) planted on clay-loam soil, at three critical development stages: vegetative (V), flowering (F), and grain-filling (G) in the years of 2008 and 2009. The highest seasonal evapotranspiration (an average of 1133 mm) was measured in the VFG treatment. Limited irrigation applied at different growing stages had different effects on the yieldrelated characters examined. According to average of two years, the highest grain yield (20.52 t $ha^{-1}$) and dry matter yield (33.78 t $ha^{-1}$) were obtained from the VFG and $VFG_{75}$ treatments, respectively. Therefore, we confirm that VFG and $VFG_{75}$ irrigations are the best choice for maximum yield under the local conditions. The flowering and vegetative were also determined as the most sensitive stages to water deficit of maize.

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