Dünya gıda krizi: Nedenleri ve etkileri

İnsanoğlu, kalkınma çabalarını sürdürürken, dünyanın fiziksel sorunlarıyla da mücadele etmek durumundadır. Artan nüfus, mevcut doğal kaynakların etkin kullanılamaması, değişen yaşam standartlarının yarattığı olumsuz etkiler çözülmesi beklenen önemli sorunlardır. Söz konusu sorunlar, etkisini dünya üzerinde çeşitli krizlerle göstermektedir. Ekonomik kriz, petrol krizi, küresel kriz ve benzeri krizler aslında tüm bu sorunların yansımasıdır. 2007 yılı ve 2008 yılının başlarında ortaya çıkan dünya gıda krizi, insanoğlunun en temel gereksinimi olan beslenmesini etkilediği için, etkisi diğer krizler kadar dolaylı olmamaktadır. Dünya çapında gıda fiyatlarındaki yüksek artışlar bir küresel krize dönüşmüş, siyasal ve ekonomik istikrarsızlıklarla tüm ülkelerde sosyal huzursuzluklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Dünya gıda krizinin temel nedeni arz ve talep dengesinin değişmesi ile ilgilidir. Ancak bu temel nedeni tetikleyen etkenler; gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki güçlü ekonomik büyüme, tarımsal ürünler arz miktarlarındaki artış oranının yavaş olması, tarım ürünlerinin stok miktarlarının azalması, petrol fiyatlarındaki artışlar, dış ticarette gelişmiş ülkelerin aşırı korumacı politikaları ve yüksek sübvansiyonlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kalkınma politikası, gıda politikası, tarım politikası, dünya gıda problemi, arz dengesi, iklim değişimleri

World food crisis: Reasons and impacts

Human well-being has to struggle with earths physical issues while keeping on development efforts. Negative impacts of increasing population, inefficient resource use and changing life standards are the most important issues that have to be resolved. The impacts of those issues have appeared in various crises in the world. Economic crises, oil crises, global crisis and similar crises are essentially reflections of those issues. The impacts of global food crisis, in the early 2007 and then 2008, were not indirect as the other crises abovementioned. High increases of food prices turned to a global crisis all over the world, and social confusions resulted with unstable political and economic conditions. Main reason of the world food crisis is related with changing balance between supply and demand. However, the factors triggering this main reason are strong economic growth in developing countries, slowing supply amounts of agricultural productions, decreasing stock amounts of agricultural production, high increases of oil prices, and over conservative agricultural policies and subsidizes of developed countries.

Keywords:

development policy, food policy, agricultural policy, world food problems, supply balance, climatic change,

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