Akar ve böceklerde pestisitlerin detoksifikasyonunda rol oynayan enzimler

Tarımda zararlı böceklerin savaşımında uygulamasının kolay olması ve kısa sürede etki göstermesi nedeniyle diğer savaşım yöntemlerine göre daha çok kimyasal savaşım tercih edilmektedir. Ancak zararlılara karşı pestisitlerin bilinçsiz kullanımı sonucunda doğal dengenin bozulması, çevre kirliliği, yararlı böceklerin olumsuz etkilenmesi ve zararlıların bunlara direnç kazanması gibi birçok problem ortaya çıkmaktadır. Buna ilaveten pestisitlere çoklu ve çapraz direnç kazanmış zararlılarda aynı veya farklı gruptan ilaçlar da etki göstermemekte ve böceğin savaşımı zorlaşmaktadır. Bu makalede, zararlıların savaşımında yaygın kullanılan insektisitlere karşı gelişen fizyolojik direnç mekanizmaları ve böcek vücudunda bulunan esteraz, glutatyon S-transferaz ve P450 monooksigenaz gibi bazı detoksifikasyon enzimlerin aktivitelerinin artışlarının direnç gelişimi ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

detoksifikasyon, zararlı öldürücüler, esteraz, böcek öldürücü direnci

The enzymes playing role in detoxification of the pesticides in mites and insects

In the control of pests in agriculture, chemical control is more preferred according to other methods because of easy application and effects shown in a short time. However, as a result of unconscious use of insecticides against pests, many problems are occurred such as disruption of natural balance, environmental pollution, negative effects to the beneficial insects and development resistance of pests to them. Additionally, the same or different groups of chemicals indicate no effect to the multi-resistance and cross-resistance development resistance pests and insect control to be difficult. This article contains, physiological mechanisms of developing resistance against to insecticides which are commonly used in the control and connection with the resistance development of insect enzymes such as esterase, glutathione S-transferase, P450 monooxygenase.

Keywords:

detoxification, pesticides, esterases, insecticide resistance,

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