Water-yield relationships in deficit irrigated potato

Bu çalışma; patatesin farklı bitki gelişme dönemlerinde uygulanan su kısıntılarının verim ve kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla, 2004 ve 2005 yıllarında Bursa-Yenişehir’de yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, patates bitkisinin (Solanum Tuberosum L, Hermes) 4 farklı gelişme döneminde (vejetatif gelişme, yumru oluşumu, yumru gelişimi ve olgunlaşma) 10 farklı sulama konusu oluşturulmuş ve bu konulardan elde edilen verim ve kalite parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulanan sulama suyu miktarları konulara göre ilk yıl 344.6 ile 584.5 mm, ikinci yıl 285.6 ile 484.5 mm arasında, bitki su tüketimleri ise, ilk yıl 398.5 ile 655.2 mm, ikinci yıl 370.4 ile 646.4 mm arasında değişmiştir. Verim, ortalama yumru ağırlığı, ortalama yumru çapı, ortalama yumru boyu, yumru kuru madde oranı, yumru nişasta oranı, bitki başına yumru adedi, bitki başına ana sap adedi, yumru kabuk oranı, pazarlanabilir yumru oranı, bitki boyu değerleri istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek verim her iki yılda sırayla 32.29 t ha-1 ve 35.00 t $ha^ {-1}$ ile tüm gelişme dönemlerinde tam sulamanın yapıldığı uygulamadan, en düşük verim 12.10 t $ha^ {-1}$ ve 10.91 $ha^ {-1}$ ile tüm gelişme dönemlerinde% 50 su kısıntısının yapıldığı uygulamadan elde edilmiştir. Su verim ilişkisi faktörü (ky) ortalama 0.909 olarak bulunmuştur. En yüksek su kullanım etkinliği (WUE) ve sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği (IWUE) değerleri sırasıyla 5.23 ve 4.35 ile yalnızca olgunlaşma döneminde su kısıntısının yapıldığı ve diğer dönemlerde tam suyun uygulandığı konudan elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

damla sulama, patates, kuru madde, Solanum tuberosum, su eksikliği, su kullanım etkinliği, bitki boyu

Bursa koşullarında kısıntılı sulanan patatesin su–verim ilişkisi

This study was conducted in Yenişehir, Bursa between 2004 and 2005 so as to investigate the effect of water deficiency applied in different growth periods of potato on yield and quality parameters. In this study, ten different irrigation treatments in four different growth periods (vegetative growth, tuber formation, tuber bulking and ripening) of potato plant (Solanum Tuberosum L, Hermes) were formed and the yield and quality parameters obtained from these treatments were evaluated. Depending on the treatments, the amount of irrigation water applied to the plants ranged between 345 and 585 mm in the first year, and between 286 and 485 mm in the second year and plant water consumption varied between 399 and 655 mm in the first year and between 370 and 646 mm in the second year. Yield, average tuber weight, average tuber diameter, average tuber size, tuber dry matter ratio, tuber starch ratio, the number of tubers per plant, the number of main stems per plant, tuber peel ratio, the rate of marketable tuber ratio and plant height values were found statistically significant. In both of the years, the highest levels of yield were obtained as 32.3 t $ha^ {-1}$ and 35.0 t $ha^ {-1}$ in the treatments in which full irrigation was conducted in all growth periods, while the lowest levels of yield were obtained as 12.1 t $ha^ {-1}$ and 10.9 $ha^ {-1}$ in the treatments in which 50% water deficiency was applied in all growth periods respectively. Water- yield relationship factor (ky) was found as 0.909 on average. The highest values of water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were obtained as 5.23 and 4.35 respectively only in the treatment in which deficit irrigation was given only in ripening period and full irrigation was applied in the other periods.

Keywords:

trickle irrigation, potatoes, dry matter, Solanum tuberosum, water deficit, water use efficiency, plant height,

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