H. Hüseyin ORUÇ, Murat CENGİZ, İlknur UZUNOĞLU

Occurrence of aflatoxin B¹ and T-2 toxin in feed and raw ıngredients used for animal feeding stuffs

Bu çalışmada, hayvan yemi ve yem hammaddesi olarak kullanılan 93 örnek aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) ve T-2 toksin yönünden incelendi. Bu örnekler, Bursa bölgesindeki dört yem fabrikası ve 17 süt üreticisi çiftçiden top- landı ve ELISA tekniği ile analiz edildi. AFB1 ve T-2 toxin, süt sığırı yemleri (bir numunede T-2 toksin tespit edilemedi), besi yemleri, buzağı yemleri, broiler yemleri, pirinç kepeği, tane pirinç, tane arpa-buğday, tane mısır ve dry distiller grain soluble (DDGS) (mısırdan elde edilen bir çeşit yem hammaddesi), soya küspesi ve ayçiçeği küspesi numunelerinin tamamında tespit edilmiştir. AFB1 ve T-2 toksin için tespit edilen en yüksek miktar sıray- la 431.90 µg/kg (tane mısır) ve 131.00 µg/kg’dır (pirinç kepeği). Yem ve yem hammaddelerindeki AFB1, besi sığırları, etlik piliçler, buzağılar ve süt sığırları üzerinde toksik etkiye neden olabilecek düzeylerdedir. Süt sığırı yem ve hammaddelerindeki AFB1’in aflatoksin M1’e dönüşerek sütle atılmasıyla insanlarda toksik etkilere neden olabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fusarium, aflatoksin, bulaşma, yemler, toksinler, hayvan yemleme, T-2 toksin

Bazı yem ve yem hammaddelerinde aflatoksin B¹ ve T-2 toxsin düzeyleri

Examination of 93 samples of animal feed and feed ingredients for the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin has been carried out. These samples were collected from four feed mills and 17 farmers of milk producer in Bursa region, Turkey, and analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) technique. AFB1 and T-2 toxin were determined in all samples of dairy cattle feed (except one of them for T-2 toxin), fattening feed, fawn feed, broiler feed, rice bran, rice grain, barley-wheat grain, maize and dry distiller grain soluble (DDGS), soya meal and sunflower meal. The highest levels detected for AFB1 and T-2 toxin were 431.90 µg/kg in a sample of maize and 131.00 µg/kg in a sample of rice bran, respectively. The mean levels of AFB1 have shown that the feeds and raw ingredients of samples may lead to some toxic effects for beef cattle, broiler, fawn, dairy cattle, and human because of the conversion of AFB1 in dairy cattle feed and feed- stuffs to aflatoxin M1, and aflatoxin M1 secrete into milk.

Keywords:

Fusarium, aflatoxins, contamination, feeds, toxins, animal feeding, T-2 toxin,

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