Uluslararası Ortak Girişimlerde Bilgi ve Beceri Edinme: Türkiye'deki Sanayi İşletmeleri Örneği

Bu çalışma uluslararası ortak girişimde bilgi ve beceri edinimine etkide bulunan niteliklere ve etmenlere ilişkin bir model ortaya koymaktadır. Model ortak girişimde bilgi ve beceri edinimine etkide bulunan özellikleri ortaya koymanın yanısıra, ortak girişimden ana işletmeye bilgi transferinde rol oynayan belli mekanizmalara da yer vermektedir. Model, bunlara ek olarak ortak girişim özellikleri ile başarım arasında da gerek bilgi ve beceri edinme aracılığıyla gerekse doğrudan pozitif bir ilişki öngörmektedir. Modelin öngördüğü ilişkiler Türkiye'deki yabancı ortaklı sanayi işletmeleri üzerinde yapılan görgül bir araştırmayla sınanmıştır. Sonuçlar, yabancı ortağın ortak girişime sağladığı üretim süreçleri ve teknolojilerinin hem işletmenin bilgi ve beceri ediniminde hem de başarımında etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Yabancı ortağın sağladığı eğitim ve sosyalleşme, örgütsel süreçler, yönetsel kaynak ise ortak girişimde bilgi ve beceri edinmede etkili olan diğer mekanizmalar olarak ortaya çıkmaktadırlar. Ancak stratejik niyet, yöneti-cilerin rotasyonu ve ana ortağın işletmeye aktif katılımı mekanizmalarının ortak girişimden ana işletmeye bilgi transferinde etkili olacağı öngörüsü doğrulan-mamıştır.

Knowledge Acquisition in International Joint Ventures: An Empirical Investigation of Industrial Companies in Turkey

This study develops a model that consists of relations among international joint ventures attributes, knowledge and skills acquisition, conflict, performance, knowledge transfer to the local partner. The model proposes positive relations not only between IJV attributes and knowledge acquisition, but also between IJV attributes and performance. In addition, the model offers mechanisms that might improve knowledge transfer from IJV to the local partner. An empirical study, limited to industrial companies in Turkey, is conducted to test the mentioned relations. The empirical results point out that technical contribution by foreign parent is the most salient attribute effecting knowledge acquisition and performance in industrial IJVs. Besides technical contribution, education and socialization, organizational process and managerial resources provided by foreign parent are effective in knowledge acquisition. Strategic attitude is also effective in knowledge and skills acquisition at a point. However, the hypothesized relation between strategic intention, rotation of managers and active participation of parants in IJVs and knowledge transfer from IJVs to parents is not supported by the empirical results.

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