SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ OLMALARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: HATAY İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Ekonomik, toplumsal veya siyasi sebeplerle bireylerin bir ülkeden başka bir ülkeye gitme veya taşınma işi olarak tanımlanan göç olgusu hem menşei ülkelerde hem de evsahibi ülkelerinde ekonomik ve sosyal birçok etkiler yaratmaktadır. Göçmenlerin girişimcilik faaliyetleri bu etkilerin doğmasında etkili olan en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Bu bağlamda doğduğu ya da vatandaşı olduğu ülke dışında, bir başka ülkeye yerleşip girişimde bulunanlara göçmen girişimci denilmektedir. Göçmen girişimcilik, girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin göç edilen ülkede gerçekleştirilmesi ve ekonomik ve sosyal değerin göçmenler eliyle ortaya çıkarılması sürecidir. 2011 yılından itibaren Suriye’de yaşanan iç karışıklık sonucu Türkiye’ye üç buçuk milyonu aşkın mülteci göç etmiş durumdadır. Bu mültecilerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı bölgelerden biri de Hatay ilidir. Hatay ilinde 2017 yılı rakamlarına göre 457.106 Suriyeli göçmen yaşamaktadır. Bu göçmenlerin bir kısmı kendi çaplarında küçükte olsa girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde bulunarak geçimlerini sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Hatay ilinde Suriyeli göçmenlerin girişimci olmalarını etkileyen faktörler logit modeliyle incelenmiştir. 400 Suriyeli göçmen üzerine yapılan anket bulgularına göre Suriyeli göçmenlerin girişimci olmasında göçmenlerin medeni durumunun, mesleki tecrübesinin, iş kurma tecrübesinin, anne/babasının iş kurma tecrübesinin, aylık gelirinin ve Hatay’da yaşama süresinin etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

THE FACTORS AFFECTING OF THE SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS TO BECOME ENTREPRENEUR: THE CASE OF HATAY PROVINCE

The concept of migration, which is defined as the work of individuals moving from one country to another country for economic, social or political reasons, has many economic and social effects both in origin countries and host countries. The entrepreneurship activities of immigrants is one of the most important factors that influence these effects. In this connection, it is called immigrant entrepreneurship that settle into a different country and start an enterprise apart from their homeland or citizenship country. Immigrant entrepreneurship is the period in which entrepreneurial activities are carried out in the country of immigration, and that the economic and social value is revealed by the immigrants. As a result of internal disturbance since 2011, more than 3.5 million refugees have come to Turkey from Syria. Hatay province is one of the regions where these refugees live intensely. In Hatay province, 457.106 Syrian immigrants live according to the figures of the year 2017. Some of these immigrants are trying to provide their livelihood by carrying out even if entrepreneurship activities in small scale. In this context, the factors affecting of the Syrian immigrants to become entrepreneur have been examined by the logit model in the study. According to survey findings on 400 Syrian immigrants, it has been concluded that the entrepreneurs' marital status, professional experience, business experience, their monthly income and the life expectancy in Hatay are effective in the Syrian immigrants to become entrepreneur.

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