Oğuz YILDIRIM, Özgür UYSAL, Yawa Monique Jenniffer AWA

Dış Ticaret Yardımlarının Batı Afrika Ekonomik Ve Parasal Birliği’nin Dış Ticaret Performansına Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, az gelişmiş olan ve büyük miktarda ticari yardım alan Batı Afrika Ekonomik ve Parasal Birliğine(BAEPB) üye ülkelerin ihracat performansları açısından ticari yardımların verimliliğini incelemektir. OECD’nin Kredi Kuruluş Raporlama Sistemi’nden, Dünya Kalkınma Göstergelerinin veri tabanından, BAEPB dış ticaret istatistiklerinden ve www.heritage.org’dan, elde edilen yıllık veriler kullanılarak 2005-2014 yılları arası BAEPB’ye üye ülkeler olan Benin, Burkina Faso, Fildişi Sahili, Gine-Bissau, Mali, Nijer, Senegal ve Togo için panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntem panel veri analizidir. Ticari yardımların etkilerini incelemek için yardımlar iki kategoriye göre ayırılmıştır; üretken kapasite yardımları ve ekonomik altyapı yardımları. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre ticari yardımların ihracat performansı üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi vardır. Üretken kapasite yardımları ihracat performansı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Buna karşılık olarak ekonomik altyapı yardımlarının bir etkisi yoktur. Yapılan analizlere göre üretken kapasite yardımlarını daha az alan sektörler, alıcı ülkenin ihracatında en büyük payı sağlayan sektörlerdir.

Effects Of Aids For Trade On The International Trade Performance Of The Western African Economic And Monetary Union

The objective of this paper is to analysis the effectiveness of aid for trade in term of export performance for some recipient countries members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Using annual data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Credit Reporting System, the World Development Indicators database, foreign trade statistics of WAEMU and www.heritage.org we conduct panel data estimation for 8 member countries for the period 2005-2014. We divide aid for trade in two categories (aid for trade capacity and aid for economic infrastructure). We find that aid for trade has an overall positive and significant impact on exports value. This effect seems to be entirely driven by aid to productive capacity, while the other main category of aid for trade, aid to economic infrastructure, has no discernible effect on exports. The sectors that receive the less aid to productive capacity are those which provide the biggest part in recipient’s exportation.

PDF

___

Afrika Ekonomik Komisyonu, (1989). Economic Report on Africa 1989, Addis Ababa, United Nations.
Balassa, B., (1971). Regional Integration and Trade Liberalization in Latin America, Journal of Common Market Studies, 10(1), 58-77.
Balgati, B. H., (2009). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, United States.
Bhagwati, J., (1978), Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes: Liberalization Attempts and Consequences, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Bourguignon, F., Sundberg, M. V., (2007). Aid Effectiveness–Opening the Black Box, American Economic Review, 97(2): 316-321.
Brenton, P., von Uexkull, E., (2009), Product Spesific Technical Assistance fot Exports–Has It Been Effective?, Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 8(2): 235-254.
Cali, M., Velde, D. W. (2011). Does Aid for Trade Really Improve Trade Performance?, World Development, 39(5): 725-740.
Clemens, M., Radelet, S., Bhavnani, R., (2004). Counting Chickens when they Hatch: The ShortTerm Effect of Aid on Growth, The World Bank, Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 44.
Collier A. F., Mcclure F. H., Collier, J. Otto, C., Polloi, A., (1999). Culture Specific View of Child Maltreatment and Parenting Stysel in a Pacific Island Community, Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 229-244.
Collier, P., (2000), Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy, Development Research Group World Bank, 1-23.
Commission, U. (2014). Statistiques du Commerce Extérieur de l'UEMOA.
Djankov, S., Mc Liesh, C., Ramalho, R. M. (2006). Regulation and growth, Economics Letters, 92(3), 395-401.
Dollar, D., Kraay, A., (2003). Institutions, Trade, and Growth, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 50, issue 1, 133-162.
Edward, B., (2008). History of FOSSFA. Retrieved July 8, 2011, from Free Software and Open Source Foundation for Africa: http://www.fossfa.net/node/5
Elbadawi, I. A., (2001). Can Africa Export Manufactures? Endownments, Exchange Rates and Transaction Costs in Policies to Promote Competitiveness in Manufacturing in sub-Saharan Africa, (Eds) Fosu A. K., Nsouli S. M., Varaoudakis A., Development Centre Seminars with the IMF and the AERC, OECD.
Ferro, E., Portugal-Perez, A., Wilson, J. S. (2011). Aid to Services Sector. Does It Affect Manufacturing Exports?, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper no. 5728.
Foroutan F., Pritchett L., (1993). Intra-Sub-Saharan African Trade: is it too Little?, Journal of African Economies, Volume 2, Issue 1, 74–105.
Gomanee, K., Girma, S., Morrissey, O., (2002). Aid, Investment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, Paper Prepared fort he 10th Conference of EADI, 19-21 September, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Greene W. H., (2003). Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Gujarati, D., Porter, D., (2009). Essentials of Econometrics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, United States.
Gyimah-Brempong, K., Traynor, T., (1999). Political Instability, Investment And Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of African Economies, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 52–86.
Hansen H., Tarp F., (2001). Aid and Growth Regressions, Journal of Development Economics, 64: 547-570.
Helble, M., Mann, C., Wilson, J. S., (2009). Aid-for-Trade Facilitation, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper no. 5064.
Ivanic, M., Mann, C. L., Wilson, J. S. (2006). Aid-for-Trade Facilitation, Global Welfare Gains and Developing Countries Draft.
Karingi, Stephen N., Vincent Leyaro (2009). Monitoring Aid for Trade in Africa: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Aid for Trade, ATPC Work in Progress, No 83, African Trade Policy Centre (ATPC).
Krugman, P. R., (1990). Policy Problems of a Monetary Union, in (eds) de Grauwe, P. and L. Papademos, The European Monetary System in the 1990s, Harlow, Longman, (reprinted in Krugman, ed., Currenctes and Crtses, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1992), pp. 48-64.
Mbabazi, J., Milner, C., Morrissey, O., (2008). Trade Openness, Trade Costs and Growth: Why Sub-Saharan Africa Performs Poorly, CREDIT Research paper No. 06/08.
Morrissey, O., (2005). Imports and implementation: Neglected aspects of trade in the Report of the Commission for Africa, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1133–53.
Morrissey O. (2009). Aid and the Financing of Public Social Sector Spending. In: Hujo K., McClanahan S. (eds) Financing Social Policy. Social Policy in a Development Context. Palgrave Macmillan, London, Limao N., Venables, A. J., (2001). Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, Transport Costs, and Trade, The World Bank Economic Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, pp. 451–479.
McPherson, M. F., Rakovski, T., (2001). Understanding the Growth Process in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Empirical Estimates, African Economic Policy Discussion Paper No. 54. Harvard University.
North, D., (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
OECD, (2006). Aid for Trade: Making It Effective.
OECD, DAC, (2014). Creditor Reporting System Database. http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=CRSNEW
Rodrik, D., (1997). Where Did All the Growth Go? External Shocks, Social Conflict, and Growth Collapses, Unpublished Paper, Harvard University.
WOOD E. J., (2001). An Insurgent Path to Democracy: Popular Mobilization, Economic Interests, and Regime Transition in South Africa and El Salvador, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 34, Issue 8, pp. 862–888.
Wooldridge, J. M., (2002). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, The MIT Press, Cambridge.