Kadın İşgücüne Katılımı Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Ülke Grupları İçin Panel Veri Analizi

Kadınlar, bir toplumun ekonomik büyümesinde rol oynayan insan gücünün önemli bir parçasıdır. Ülkelerin çoğunda, kadınlar, işgücünde yetersiz bir şekilde temsil edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri ile ilgili eşitlik ve verimlilik, kapsayıcı ve eşit kalitede eğitim sağlamak, yaşam boyu öğrenme fırsatlarını teşvik etmek, cinsiyet eşitliğini sağlamak, tüm kadınları güçlendirmek, sürekli ekonomik büyümenin teşvik edilmesi politika oluşturma için istenen hedefler haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada kadın işgücüne katılım oranı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki U şekilli ilişkinin varlığı, Dünya Bankası'nın 1996 ile 2017 yılları arasındaki döneme ait verileri kullanılarak 48 yüksek gelirli ülkeler, 46 üst-orta gelirli ülkeler, 41 alt-orta gelirli ülkeler ve 27 düşük gelirli ülkeler için panel panel veri analizi ile incelenmektedir.

The Relationship Between Women’s Labor Force Participation And Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis For Country Groups

Women are an important part of the manpower involved in the economic growth of a society. Women in most of the countries are underrepresented in the labour force. In this regard, the equity and efficiency related Sustainable Development Goals, in particular; ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities; achieving gender equality and empower all women; promoting sustained economic growth have become desirable goals and target for policy formulation. In this study, the presence of U shaped relationship between female labor force participation rate and economic growth is investigated by panel data anaysis for 48 high income countries, 46 upper-middle income countries, 41 lower-middle income countries and 27 low income countries using World Bank data set between 1996 and 2017.

PDF

___

Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations” The Review of Economic Studies 58 (2), 277-297.
Belke, M. & Bolat, S. (2016). “The Panel Data Analysis of Female Labor Participation and Economic Development Relationship in Develop and Developing Contries” Economic Research Guardian, 6 (2), 67-73.
Boserup, E. (1970). “Woman’s Role in Economic Development” St. Martin, New York.
Durand, J.D. (1975). “The Labor Force in Economic Development: A Comparison of International Census Data 1946-66” Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Fatima, A. & Sultana, H. (2009). “Tracing Out the U-shape Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Development for Pakistan” International Journal of Social Economics 36 (1/2), 182–198.
Gaddis, I. & Klasen, S. (2013). “Economic Development, Structural Change, and Women’s Labor Force Participation: A Reexamination of the Feminization U Hypothesis.” Journal of Population Economics. 27 (3), 639−681.
Goldin, C. (1994). “The U-shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History” NBER Working Paper No. 4707.
Güçlü, M. (2018). "Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: Türkiye İçin U Hipotezinin Yeniden Test Edilmesi” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 203-210.
ILO (2016). “Women at Work: Trends 2016” International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2016 https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/--- publ/documents/publication/wcms_457317.pdf
Keskin, H.İ. & Aksoy, E. (2019) “OECD ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Gelir Artışı ve İşgücüne Katılım Arasındaki İlişki: Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi”, 3. Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, Cilt:54, Sayı:1, 1-20.
Khaliq, A., Khan, D., Akbar, S., Hamayun, M. & Ullah, B. (2017). “Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan” Journal of Social Science Studies, 4 (2), 217-230.
Lahoti, R. & Swaminathan, H. (2013). “Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in India” IIM Bangalore Research Paper No. 414.
Lechman, E. & H. Kaur, (2015) “Economic Growth and Female Labor Force Participation– Verifying the U-Feminization Hypothesis. New Evidence for 162 Countries over the Period 1990-2012” Economics and Sociology, 8 (1), 246-257.
Lincove, J. A. (2008). “Growth, Girls’ Education, and Female Labor: A Longitudinal Analysis” The Journal of Developing Areas, Volume 41, Number 2, Spring 2008, 45-68.
Luci, A. (2009) “Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth,” International Journal of Innovation Sustainable Development, 4 (2/3), 97–108.
Mishra, S. P. (2018). “Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Growth in India: A Cross Sectional Analysis using Census Data” International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5 (1), 190-193.
OECD (2008). “Gender And Sustainable Development: Maximising The Economic, Social And Enviromental Role of Women”, Paris; OECD.
Olivetti, C. (2014). "The Female Labor Force and Long-Run Development: The American Experience in Comparative Perspective," NBER Chapters in: Human Capital in History: The American Record, 161-197.
Roy, S. (2018). “An Endeavour to empirically verify the ‘Feminisation ‘U’ Hypothesis’ of female labour force participation rate in India (1991-2016)” Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 6 (9), 1-11.
Sinha, J. N. (1967). "Dynamics of Female Participation in Economic Activity in a Developing Economy." In Proceedings of the World Population Conference, Belgrade, 1965. Vol. 4, Migration, Urbanization, Economic Development. New York: United Nations.
Tansel, A. (2002). “Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Time-series Evidence and Cross-section Estimates” ERF Working Paper Series No. 0124.