This study with a simple random sampling design aimed to determine the relationship between social mediaaddiction and altruism and egocentrism in adolescents and explain factors predicting social mediaaddiction. The sample of the study consisted of 898 adolescents in the 14-18 age group, a little more thanhalf of whom (51.7%) were female students (n=464). According to the findings, the majority (92%) of theparticipants was using “WhatsApp.” There was a significant difference between sex and the use of“Facebook” (X2=137.220; df=1; p
Basit rastgele örnekleme desenine sahip bu çalışmada, ergenlerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile özgecilik ve egosantrizm (benmerkezcilik) arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve sosyal medya bağımlılığını yordayan faktörlerin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini yarıdan biraz fazlası (%51,7) kız öğrenci (n=464) olan 14 – 18 yaş grubundaki toplam 898 ergen oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre katılımcıların çoğunluğu (% 92) “WhatsApp” kullanmaktadır. Cinsiyet ile sosyal medya ağlarından “Facebook” (X2=137.220; df=1; p
___
Akbaba, S. (1994). Grupla psikolojik danışmanın sosyal psikolojik bir kavram olan özgecilik üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi/Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
Al-Menayes, J. J. (2015a). Dimensions of social media addiction among university students in Kuwait. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 23-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20150401.14
Al-Menayes, J. J. (2015b). Motivations for using social media: An exploratory factor analysis. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(1), 43-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.76n1p43
Alabi, O. F. (2013). A survey of Facebook addiction level among selected Nigerian University undergraduates. New Media and Mass Communication, 10, 70-80.
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
Aşkun, D., & Çetin, F. (2017). Benmerkezcillik ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [The validity and the reliability study of the egocentricism scale in Turkish]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(5), 485-495. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.229170
Balcı, Ş., & Gölcü, A. (2013). Türkiye’de üniversite öğrencileri arasında facebook bağımlılığı: “Selçuk Üniversitesi Örneği” [Facebook addiction among university students in Turkey: “Selcuk University Example”]. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 34, 255-278.
Banyai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., ... & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS One, 12(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
Barnes, S. B. (2006). A privacy paradox: Social networking in the United States. First Monday Peer-Reviewed Journal on the Internet, 11(9). 2019 February 14, Retrived from https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1394.
Bicen, H., & Cavus, N. (2010). The most preferred social network sites by students. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5864-5869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.958
Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039
Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., ... & Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231311326987
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. (8.Basım), Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Cabral, J. (2011). Is generation Y addicted to social media. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 5-14.
Choudhary, S. R., Momin, M. I. H., & Kantharia, S. L. (2015). Facebook and WhatsApp: beneficial or harmful?. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2(17), 2306- 2311.
Common Sense Media. (2019). Is technology networking changing childhood? A national poll. CA: San Francisco. 2019 February 13, Retrived from www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/CSM_teen_social_media_080609_FINA L.pdf.
Çam, E., & Isbulan, O. (2012). A New Addiction for Teacher Candidates: Social Networks. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(3), 14-19.
Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2007). Destructive and productive family relationships: A stewardship theory perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 545-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.06.004
Enright, R. D., Shukla, D. G., & Lapsley, D. K. (1980). Adolescent egocentrism-sociocentrism and self-consciousness. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087929
Epley, N., Morewedge, C. K., & Keysar, B. (2004). Perspective taking in children and adults: Equivalent egocentrism but differential correction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(6), 760-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2004.02.002
Fang, Y. H., & Chiu, C. M. (2010). In justice we trust: Exploring knowledge-sharing continuance intentions in virtual communities of practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 235- 246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.005
Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2000). Fairness and retaliation: The economics of reciprocity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 159-181. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.3.159
Galston, W. A. (1993). Cosmopolitan altruism. Social Philosophy & Policy, 10(1), 118-134. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500004040
Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Facebook addiction: Concerns, criticism, and recommendations—A response to Andreassen and colleagues. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 518-520. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.07.18.PR0.110.2.518-520
Griffiths, M. D. (2000). Does Internet and computer" addiction" exist? Some case study evidence. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 3(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493100316067
Jeffries, V., Johnston, B. V., Nichols, L. T., Oliner, S. P., Tiryakian, E., & Weinstein, J. (2006). Altruism and social solidarity: Envisioning a field of specialization. The American Sociologist, 37(3), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-006-1023-7
Jones, Q., Ravid, G., & Rafaeli, S. (2004). Information overload and the message dynamics of online interaction spaces: A theoretical model and empirical exploration. Information Systems Research, 15(2), 194-210. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1040.0023
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340
Haski-Leventhal, D. (2009). Altruism and volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00405.x
He, W., & Wei, K. K. (2009). What drives continued knowledge sharing? An investigation of knowledge-contribution and-seeking beliefs. Decision Support Systems, 46(4), 826-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2008.11.007
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2007). Offline consequences of online victimization: School violence and delinquency. Journal of School Violence, 6(3), 89-112. https://doi.org/10.1300/J202v06n03_06
Hobson, R. P. (1984). Early childhood autism and the question of egocentrism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408558
Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-1-4
Hung, S. Y., Durcikova, A., Lai, H. M., & Lin, W. M. (2011). The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on individuals' knowledge sharing behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(6), 415-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.02.004
Kandell, J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.11
Koc, M., & Gulyagci, S. (2013). Facebook addiction among Turkish college students: The role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristics. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(4), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0249
Krebs, D. L., & Van Hesteren, F. (1992). The development of altruistic personality. In.: P. M. Oliner, S. P. Oliner, L. Baron, L. A. Blum, D. L. Krebs, & M. Z. Smoleneska (Eds.). Embracing the other: Philosophical, psychological, and historical perspectives on altruism (pp. 142-169). New York: University Press.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
Li, L. (2010). Exploration of adolescents’ internet addiction. Psychological Development and Education, 26(5), 124-138.
Lin, P. (2016). Risky behaviors: Integrating adolescent egocentrism with the theory of planned behavior. Review of General Psychology, 20(4), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000086
Lindbeck, A., & Nyberg, S. (2006). Raising children to work hard: Altruism, work norms, and social insurance. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(4), 1473-1503. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/121.4.1473
London, P., & Bower, R.K. (1968). Altruism, extraversion, and mental illness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 76(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1968.9919819
Ma, W. W., & Chan, A. (2014). Knowledge sharing and social media: Altruism, perceived online attachment motivation, and perceived online relationship commitment. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.015
McCullough, M. E., Kimeldorf, M. B., & Cohen, A. D. (2008). An adaptation for altruism: The social causes, social effects, and social evolution of gratitude. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(4), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00590.x
Monacis, L., De Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.023
Montag, C., Błaszkiewicz, K., Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Andone, I., Trendafilov, B., ... & Markowetz, A. (2015). Smartphone usage in the 21st century: Who is active on WhatsApp?. BMC Research Notes, 8(1), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015- 1280-z
Ngai, S. S. Y., & Cheung, C. K. (2009). Idealism, altruism, career orientation, and emotional exhaustion among social work undergraduates. Journal of Social Work Education, 45(1), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2009.200700077
Nichols, S. (2001). Mindreading and the cognitive architecture underlying altruistic motivation. Mind & Language, 16(4), 425-455. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00178
Nitzburg, G. C., & Farber, B. A. (2013). Putting up emotional (Facebook) walls? Attachment status and emerging adults' experiences of social networking sites. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(11), 1183-1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22045.
O'Keeffe, G. S., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). Clinical report-the impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800-804. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
Oh, S., & Syn, S. Y. (2015). Motivations for sharing information and social support in social media: A comparative analysis of Facebook, Twitter, Delicious, You Tube, and Flickr. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(10), 2045- 2060. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23320
Parra-López, E., Bulchand-Gidumal, J., Gutiérrez-Taño, D., & Díaz-Armas, R. (2011). Intentions to use social media in organizing and taking vacation trips. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 640-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.05.022
Rinker, D. V., Krieger, H., & Neighbors, C. (2016). Social network factors and addictive behaviors among college students. Current Addiction Reports, 3(4), 356-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0126-7
Rom, E., & Alfasi, Y. (2014). The role of adult attachment style in online social network affect, cognition, and behavior. Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research, 1, 24-34.
Rubin, K. H. (1973). Egocentrism in childhood: A unitary construct?. Child Development, 44(1), 102-110.
Rushton, J. E. (1980). Altruism, socialization, and society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016
Schwartz, P. D., Maynard, A. M., & Uzelac, S. M. (2008). Adolescent egocentrism: A contemporary view. Adolescence, 43(171), 441-449.
Shao, G. (2009). Understanding the appeal of user-generated media: A uses and gratification perspective. Internet Research, 19(1), 7-25.
Sigmund, K., & Hauert, C. (2002). Altruism. Current Biology, 12(8), R270-R272.
Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. 19 November 2019, Retrived from http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/.
Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of voluntary association participation and volunteering: A literature review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23(3), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409402300305
Sorokin, P. A. (1941). The crisis of our age. New York: E.P. Dutton.
Steers, M. L. N., Moreno, M. A., & Neighbors, C. (2016). The influence of social media on addictive behaviors in college students. Current Addiction Reports, 3(4), 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0123-x
Stone, C. B., & Wang, Q. (2019). From conversations to digital communication: The mnemonic consequences of consuming and producing information via social media. Topics in Cognitive Science, 11(4), 774-793. https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12369
Tang, J. H., Chen, M. C., Yang, C. Y., Chung, T. Y., & Lee, Y. A. (2016). Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction. Telematics and Informatics, 33(1), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.06.003
Taş, İ. (2017). Ergenler için sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeği kısa formunun (SMBÖ-KF) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The social media addiction scale (SF) for adolescents: A study of validity and reliability]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 4(1), 27-40.
Tiryakioglu, F., & Erzurum, F. (2011). Use of social networks as an educational tool. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(2), 135-150.
Tsitsika, A., Janikian, M., Schoenmakers, T. M., Tzavela, E. C., Olafsson, K., Wójcik, S., ... & Richardson, C. (2014). Internet addictive behavior in adolescence: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(8), 528-535. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0382
Van den Eijnden, R. J., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
West, S. A., Griffin, A. S., & Gardner, A. (2007). Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 20(2), 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01258.x
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2008). How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of places online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs. Pediatrics, 121(2), 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-069