A RESEARCH ON THE ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYEES IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS TOWARDS WORK TIME

Çalışma saatleri, işverenler ve çalışanlar açısından tüm örgüt çeşitlerinde önemli bir konudur. Bu çalışma, kamu kuruluşlarındaki işgörenlerin çalışma süresine ve esnek çalışma saatlerine olan tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Veriler anket yoluyla, polisler, öğretmenler ve tıp doktorları gibi farklı meslekteki 249 işgörenden elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar gösteriyorki; mesleklerdeki gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olmasına ragmen, çoğu çalışan çalışma saatlerinin azaltılmasından yanadır. Nerdeyse katılımcıların yarısı ücretleri düşecek olmasına rağmen, daha kısa iş haftası tercih etmektedirler. Dahası, çalışma saatlerinin düşürülmesi, işgörenlerce perfromansı artıran bir factor olarak görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, işgörenlerin çoğu esnek çalışma süresi sözleşmeleri istemektedirler. Sonuçlar konu ile ilişkili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

KAMU KURULUŞLARINDA İŞGÖRENLERİN ÇALIŞMA SÜRESİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Working hours is an important topic both for employers and employees in all types of organizations. This paper aims to investigate the attitudes of employees towards work time and also flexible working hours in public institutions. Data were collected via questionnaire from employees (N=249) from different occupations such as policemen, teachers or medical doctors. Results show that although there exist statistically significant differences among groups in terms of occupation, most of the employees are in favour of reducing working hours. Nearly half of the employees prefer shorter workweek despite a pay loss. Furthermore, reducing working hours is generally regarded as a factor improving performance by employees. Lastly, most of the employees want to have flexible work time arrangements. The results were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature.

PDF

___

Anttila, T., Nätti, J. & Väisänen, M. (2005) "The Experiments Of Reduced Working Hours In Finland", Community, Work & Family, 8(2), pp.187-209.
Artavilla, C., Garofalo, A. and Vinci, C. P (2005), "Evaluating the effects of working hours on employment and wages", Journal of Policy Modeling, 27(6), pp 647-664.
Atkinson, J. (2000) "Employment options and labour market participation", European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Bacon, N., Blyton, P. and Dastmalchian, A. (2005) "The significance of working time arrangements accompanying the introduction of team working: evidence from employees". British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(4), pp. 681-701.
Booth, A.L., Schiantarelli, F., (1987) "The employment effect of a shorter working week", Economica, 54(2), pp. 237-248.
Bryan, M. L. (2007) "Workers, Workplaces and Working Hours", British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(4), pp. 735-759.
Calmfors, L., (1985) "Work sharing, employment and wages", European Economic Review, 27, pp. 293-309.
Calmfors, L., Hoel, M., (1988) "Work sharing and overtime", Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 90(1), pp. 45-62.
Capelli, P. (1999) The New Deal at Work: Managing the Market-Driven Workforce, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Cette, G., and Taddei, D. (1993) "The economic effects of reducing and reorganizing working times", Futures, 25(5), pp. 561-577.
Chang, J., Huang, C. and Lai, C. (2007) "Working hours reduction and wage contracting style in a dynamic model with labor adjustment costs", Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 31(3), pp. 971-993.
Clark, A. (2005). "What makes a good job? Evidence from OECD countries", In Bazen, S., Lucifora, C. and Salverda, W. (eds), Job Quality and Employer Behavior. New York: Palgrave, pp. 11-30
Contensou, F., and Vranceanu, R. (2000) Working time, theory and policy implications, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.
Cr`epon, B., and Kramarz, F. (2002) "Employed 40 hours or not employed 39: Lessons from the 1982 mandatory reduction of the workweek", Journal of Political Economy, 110(6), pp. 1355-1389.
Crompton, R. (1997) Women and Work in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Elbing, A. O., Gadon, H., and Gordon, J. R. M. (1975) "Flexible working hours: The missing link", California Management Review, 13(3), pp. 50-57.
Fields, C. J. (1974) "Variable work hours-the Money experience", Personnel Journal, 53(9), pp. 675-678.
Fleuter, D. L. (1975) "Flexitime-A social phenomenon", Personnel Journal, 54(6), pp. 318-319.
Freeman, R. B. (1998) "Work-sharing to full employment: Serious option or populist fallacy?", In Freeman, R. B. and Gottschalk, P. (eds), Generating jobs, how to increase demand for less-skilled workers, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 195-222.
Frost, P. J., and Jamal M. (1979) "Shift work, attitudes, and reported behavior: Some associations between individual characteristics and hours of work and leisure", Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, pp. 77-81.
Golden, L. (1998) "Working time and the impact of policy institutions: reforming the overtime hours law and regulation", Review of Social Economy 56(4), pp. 522-541.
Golembiewski, R. T., Hilles, R., and Kagno, M. S. A (1974) "Longitudinal study of flex-time effects: Some consequences of an OD structural intervention", Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 10(4), pp. 503-532.
Green, F. and Tsitsianis, N. (2005) "An investigation of national trends in job satisfaction in Britain and Germany", British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), pp. 401-29.
Güney, S., Açıklamalı Yöemtim-Organizasyon ve Örgütsel Davranış Terimler Sözlüğü, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 2004, s.245
Hart, R. A., (1984) "Work-sharing and factor prices", European Economic Review, 24(2), pp. 165-188.
Hewitt, P. (1993) About time: The revolution in work and family life, London: IPPR.
Hoel, M., Vale, B., (1986) "Effects on unemployment of reduced working time in an economy where firms set wages", European Economic Review, 30(2), pp. 1097-1104.
Holmlund, B., (1989) "Wages and employment in unionized economies: theory and evidence", In: Holmlund, B., Lo ̈ fgren, K. G., Engstro ̈ m, L. (eds), Trade Unions, Employment, and Unemployment Duration, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Hunt, J. (1999) "Has work-sharing worked in Germany?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), pp. 117-148.
Hunt, J., (1998) "Hours reductions as work-sharing", Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, pp. 339-369.
Jansen, N., Kant, I., Amelsvoort, L., Nijhuis, F. and Brandt, P. (2003) "Need for recovery from work: evaluating short-term effects of working hours, patterns and schedules", Ergonomics, 46(7), pp. 664-680.
Layard, R., Nickell, S., and Jackman, R. (1991) Unemployment, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Magoon, W., and Schnicker, L. (1976) "Flexible hours at State Street Bank of Boston: A case study", The Personnel Administrator, 2(7), pp. 34-37.
Mahoney, T. A. (1978) "The rearranged work week", California Management Review, 20(4), pp. 31-39.
Nollen, S. D. and Martin, V. H. (1978) "Alternative work schedules, part I: Flextime", American Management Association Survey Report, AMACOM.
Noon, M., and Blyton, P. (1997) The realities of work, London: Macmillan. Özkalp, E. ve Kırel, Ç., Örgütsel Davranış, T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim, Sağlık ve Bilimsel Araştırma Çalışmaları Vakfı Yayını, Eskişehir, 2001, s.119
Pierce, J. L. and Newstrom, J. W. (1980) "Toward A Conceptual Clarification of Employee Responses To Flexible Working Hours: A Work Adjustment Approach", Journal of Management, 6(2), pp. 117-134.
Rosenfeld, R. A. and Birkelund, G. E. (1995) "Woman's Part-Time Work: A Cross-National Comparison", European Sociological Review, 11(2), pp. 111-134.
Rubin, B. A. (1995) "Flexible accumulation, the decline of contract, and social transformation", Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 14, pp. 297- 323.
Smith, L., Folkard, S., Tucker, P. and Macdonald, I. (1998) "Work shift duration: A review comparing eight hour and 12 hour shift systems", Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(4), pp. 217 - 229.
Sousa-Poza, A. and Henneberger, F. (2002) "An Empirical Analysis of Working-Hours Constraints in Twenty-one Countries", Review of Social Economy, 60(2), pp. 209-242.
SPSS (1999) Statistical package of the social sciences, 10.0., SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois.
Wheatley, D., Hardill, I. and Philp, B. (2011) "Managing Reductions in Working Hours: A Study of Work-time and Leisure Preferences in UK Industry", Review of Political Economy, 23(3), pp. 409-420.
Wood, S. G. and Sevison, A. B. (1990) "Flexible Working Hours: A Preliminary Look at the Phenomenon of Flexibility in the American Workplace", The American Journal of Comparative Law, 38, pp. 325-340.