Trafficking in Women: Global Trends and Turkey

Trafficking in persons gained very much attention in last one or two decades. Most of the trafficked people are women who want to work abroad for economic purposes but ended in a country where they forced to work as prostitutes with no income. Not only in sex industry, but also women are forced to work in service sectors, such as domestic labors, caring elderly, etc. and/or they are trafficked for forced marriages. There are also men who are trafficked and worked as forced labor, but the number of the trafficked men is less than women. There are three research questions in this study. The first research question is; “Is the ‘consent’ term in the UN Trafficking Protocol, enough to distinguish the trafficked victim and the women who work as prostitutes ‘voluntarily’?” The second research question in the study is; “How can we distinguish trafficking in women for the purpose of “sexual exploitation” and for the purpose of “forced labor” from one another?” And the third question is; “How does globalization effect trafficking in women?” This is descriptive study in order to examine the situation of trafficking in women issue and to answer the basic controversial questions about the issue. In this regard, in the first part of the study, “Perspectives on Migration” will be addressed with references basically to “neo-classical model” and “historical-structural model”. “Feminization of migration” will also be discussed in this part of the study. In the second part of the study, after giving some definitions, and the differences between smuggling and trafficking, pull and push factors of trafficking, and the debates on the “consent” concept in the definition on “trafficking in women” will be discussed and the first research question will be explored in this part of the study. After this part, the characteristics of the VoTs and the offenders will be discussed and the second research question will be addressed in this part. This part will be followed by the recruitment methods of trafficking. In the third part of the study, the relation between globalization, migration and trafficking in women will be evaluated and the third research question will be discussed within this part. In the forth part of the study, with the light of the debates and the explanations on the trafficking in women, the global patterns and routes of trafficking will be demonstrated with some figures and in the last part of the study, international and the national instruments in Turkey to combat against trafficking in persons will be investigated.

Kadın Ticareti: Küresel Eğilimler ve Türkiye

nsan ticareti, son yıllarda dikkat çeken bir olgudur. İnsan ticaretine maruz kalanların çoğu, yurt dışında ekonomik amaçlar için çalışmak isteyen ancak gelirleri olmayan seks işçisi olarak çalışmaya zorlandıkları bir ülkede hayatları sona eren kadınlardır. Sadece seks endüstrisinde değil, kadınlar aynı zamanda ev işçileri, yaşlı bakımı gibi hizmet sektörlerinde çalışmak zorunda kalıyor ve/veya zorla evlendirmeler için insan ticaretine maruz kalmaktadır. İnsan ticareti yapan ve zorla işçi olarak çalıştırılan erkekler de vardır, ancak insan ticaretine maruz kalan erkeklerin sayısı kadınlardan daha azdır. Bu çalışmada üç araştırma sorusu vardır. İlk araştırma sorusu; “İnsan ticareti mağdurunu ve fahişeler olarak çalışan kadınları gönüllü olarak ayırt etmeye yetecek kadar rıza ifadesi BM İnsan Ticareti Protokolünde var mıdır?” Makalenin ikinci araştırma sorusu; Kadınlara yönelik cinsel tacizi “cinsel sömürü” amacıyla ve “zorla çalıştırma” amacıyla birbirinden nasıl ayırt edebiliriz? Ve üçüncü soru; “Küreselleşme kadınlarda insan ticaretini nasıl etkiler?” Bu çalışma, kadın ticaretinin durumunu incelemek ve konuyla ilgili temel tartışmalı soruları yanıtlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, temel olarak “neo-klasik model” ve “tarihsel-yapısal model” referans alınarak “Göç Perspektifleri” ele alınacaktır. “Göçün kadınsılaşması” da çalışmanın bu bölümünde ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, bazı tanımlar verildikten sonra kaçakçılık ve insan ticareti arasındaki farklar, insan ticaretinin çekme ve itme faktörleri ile “kadın ticareti” tanımındaki “rıza” kavramı üzerine tartışmalar tartışılacak ve ilk araştırma sorusu çalışmanın bu bölümünde incelenecektir. Bu bölümden sonra VoT'lerin ve suçluların özellikleri tartışılacak ve ikinci araştırma sorusu bu bölümde ele alınacaktır. Bu bölümü, insan ticareti işe alım yöntemleri izleyecektir. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde, küreselleşme, göç ve kaçakçılık arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilecek ve üçüncü araştırma sorusu bu bölümde ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde, kadın ticareti ile ilgili tartışmalar ve açıklamalar ışığında, küresel insan ticareti yolları ve yolları bazı rakamlarla, araştırmanın son bölümünde ise uluslararası ve ulusal araçlar gösterilecektir. Türkiye'de insan kaçakçılığıyla mücadelede soruşturma yapılacak.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ