Küresel Kamusal Bir Mal Olarak ABD Hegemonyası

Son 75 yılın küresel kapitalist düzenine gömülenmiş olan ABD hegemonyası; üç döneme ayrılabilir: liberal-fordist dönem, neoliberal-post fordist dönem ve 2008’de başlayan Donald Trump ile zirve yapan liberal olmayan (illiberal) dönem. Küresel kapitalizm iki Dünya Savaşı, ekonomik bunalımlar, faşizmin ve korumacılığın yükseliş ve düşüşüne rağmen kendisini sürdürmeyi başarmıştır. 2008 finansal krizinin akabinde ise liberal küresel düzenin devamı adına sistemin yeniden yapılandırılmasının gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. 2016’da ABD Başkanı seçilen Trump, birçok ülkeyi ve küresel nüfusu kapsayan, gelecek nesillerin gereksinimlerini tehlikeye atmadan bugünkü kuşağın ihtiyaçlarını gidermeyi amaçlayan “küresel kamusal mal”(!) olarak gördüğü hegemonyasının diğer müttefiklerin bedelini paylaşmaması halinde devam etmeyeceğini ifade etmiştir. Trump’ın ilk başkanlık konuşmasında yer alan “önce Amerika” sloganı ile; ABD’nin diğer ülkelerin güvenliği ve küresel kapitalist düzenin devamı için tedarik ettiği küresel kamusal malların ABD lehine olmadığı durumlarda sürdürülmeyeceği net olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece 1945’den beri küresel liberal düzenin ve ABD hegemonyasının dayanakları olan özgürlük, hukukun üstünlüğü, demokrasi, liberal düzen, ortak kurallar ve uluslararası kurumlar Trump’la birlikte sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Trump tarafından küresel kamusal bir mal olduğu ileri sürülen ve tedarikinin ABD için zararlı olabileceği ifade edilen hegemonyanın küresel kamusal mal olarak görülüp görülemeyeceğine ilişkin tartışmalar yürütülecektir. Ayrıca Trump tarafından hiçbir çıkar gözetmeksizin yürütüldüğü iddia edilen liderliğin ABD’yi hegemon yapan temel unsur olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

The Us Hegemony as a Global Public Good

US hegemony, embedded in the global capitalist order of the last 75 years can be divided into three periods: The liberal-fordist period, the neoliberal-post fordist period and the non-liberal (illiberal) period that started in 2008 and peaked with Trump. The global capitalist system has sustained itself despite the two World Wars, economic crises, rise and fall of fascism and protectionism. Following the 2008 financial crisis, the requirement of restructuring the system emerged for the existence of the liberal global order. Donald Trump, who was elected US President in 2016, stated that the US would not maintain supply of global public goods, which include many countries and the global population, aiming to satisfy today’s needs without endanger the needs of future generations, if the other allies do not share the costs. In his first presidential speech, he used the “America first” motto, which explicitly manifested that the global public goods supplied by the US for the sake of other countries’ security and the continuance of the global capitalist order cannot be maintained in conditions are not in favor of the US. By this way, since 1945 the roots of global liberal order and US hegemony which freedom, the rule of law, democracy, common values and international institutions has come under question with Trump. In this study, debates on whether hegemony, which is claimed to be a global public good by Trump and whose procurement may be harmful for the USA, can be seen as a global public good will be carried out. Besides it will be tried to prove that the leadership, which Trump claims to be carried out without any interest, is the key element that makes the US hegemon.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ