The Presence and Activities of UNMIK and KFOR in the Aftermath of NATO Operation against Serbia

In the aftermath of WWII, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Already in the 1980s, the riots broke out in Kosovo, demanding a full Republic status of the province. The situation culminated in 1999 when President Milosevic imposed a direct rule from Belgrade over Kosovo, thus forcing NATO to unleash airstrikes on Belgrade to stop widespread atrocities against civilians. After 78 days of bombing, the UN Security Resolution 1244 suspended President Milosevic's rule in Kosovo and formed the United Nations Interim Administration of Kosovo with a NATO peacekeeping element (KFOR). In the context of 1999, following the war, UNMIK’s formation was needed and it supported to form institutions and maintain the necessary atmosphere for upcoming administrations. Although Kosovo has marked considerable development in terms of electoral process and judicial system, both UNMIK and KFOR have been criticized in many aspects. Despite the criticism coming from international community, UNMIK and KFOR are still operating in the territory of Kosovo cooperating with other international organizations and European Union mission (EULEX). By drawing on the concept of security, the paper seeks to look into the results throughout almost two decades of the presence of UNMIK and KFOR and analyze their success rate in ensuring conditions for peace and stability.

NATO’nun Sırbistan’a Yönelik Operasyonunun Ardından Bölgede Konuşlanan UNMIK ve KFOR’un Mevcudiyeti ve Faaliyetleri

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Kosova, Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti’nin içinde Sırbistan’ın özerk bir eyaleti konumuna gelmiştir. 1980’li yıllarda, bölgede Kosova’nın tam bağımsız bir cumhuriyet olması yönünde isyanların gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. Sürecin 1999 yılında Başkan Milosevic’in Kosova üzerinde Belgrad’ın doğrudan kontrolüne yönelik adımları sonucunda daha da alevlendiği ve durumun NATO’nun sivillere yönelik katliamlara karşı Belgrad üzerinde gerçekleştiği hava saldırılarını gevşetmeye zorladığı görülmektedir. 78 gün süren bombalamanın ardından BMGK’nın 1244 numaralı kararı ile Başkan Milosevic’in Kosova üzerindeki yönetim hakimiyeti askıya alınmış ve yetkilendirilmiş bir NATO barışgücü (KFOR) ile Birleşmiş Milletler Kosova Geçici Yönetim Misyonu (UNMIK) oluşturulmuştur. 1999 yılında, savaşın ardından UNMIK’ın kurulmasının bölgede oluşan ihtiyaca karşılık gerçekleştiği ve UNMIK’ın Kosova’daki kurumların oluşturulmasına, gelecek hükümetler için gerekli atmosferin sağlanmasına destek verdiği görülmektedir. Kosova’nın seçim süreçleri ve adli sistem konularında kayda değer bir başarı göstermesine rağmen hem UNMIK’in hem de KFOR’un bir çok açıdan eleştirildiği görülmektedir. Uluslararası toplumdan gelen eleştirilere rağmen, UNMIK ve KFOR halen Kosovo topraklarında faaliyet göstermektedir ve diğer uluslararası örgütler ve Avrupa Birliği misyonu (EULEX) ile işbirliğini sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada güvenlik kavramı çerçevesinde, yaklaşık yirmi yıldır süren UNMIK ve KFOR’un bölgedeki mevcudiyeti incelenmiş ve söz konusu girişimlerin bölgedeki barış ve güvenliğe yaptıkları katkı analiz edilmiştir.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ