KAZAK TÜRKÇESİNDE GEÇEN KUŞ ADLARI VE ONLARIN SİSTEMATİĞİ ÜZERİNE

İnsanoğlu hayvanları birbirlerinden ayırma amacıyla çeşitli yollara başvurmakta ve adlandırma işlemini belirli bir sistem dahilinde yapmaktadır. Kazakistan geniş bir coğrafyaya sahip olması nedeniyle birçok hayvanı barındırmakta ve Kazak Türkçesinde bu hayvanlara çeşitli unsurlar doğrultusunda adlar verilmektedir. Çalışmada Kazak Türkçesi söz varlığında kuşlar için kullanılan 800'ü aşkın adlandırma tespit edilmiş olup bu adlandırmaların oluşum sistematiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Kazak Türkçesinde geçen kuş adlarının söz varlığı ortaya çıkarılarak Latince ve Türkçe karşılıkları gösterilmiş ve tespiti yapılan adlandırmaların oluşum sistematiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. İnceleme neticesinde Kazak Türkçesinde geçen kuş adlarının ya iki kelimeden ya da tek kelimeden oluştuğu görülmüştür. İki kelimeden oluşan yapılarda özellikle sıfat tamlaması kullanıldığı görülmekle beraber tek kelimeden oluşan yapılarda bazen yansıma seslerin kullanıldığına, bazen Kazak Türkçesinde bulunan eklerin kullanılarak yeni adlar elde edildiğine ve bazen de yabancı kökenli sözcüklerin doğrudan ya da ek alarak kullanıldığına rastlanmıştır. Kuşlara ad verilirken renk, uzuv, bitki, maden, hayvan, nesne, memleket adları; zaman ifadeleri; bulunulan ya da yaşanılan yerin adı; kuşun ötüşü, boyutu, hareketi, sesi, görünüşü, cinsiyeti, yaşı ve fiillerin kullanımı gibi çeşitli unsurlardan faydalanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kuş adlarında kullanılan yöntemler sadece kuşlara ya da Kazak Türklerine özgü değildir. Türkçede ve diğer Türk lehçelerinde hayvan adlarının oluşturulmasında Kazak Türkçesinde kullanılan yöntemlere benzer bir sistemin kullanılıyor olması da ortak bir dil ve kültürün varlığını bizlere bir kez daha kanıtlamaktadır

ABOUT THE BIRD NAMES IN KAZAKH TURKIC AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC

Mankind applies various ways to separate animals from one another and carries out the naming process within a certain system. Because Kazakhstan has a wide geographical range, it hosts many animals and these animals are titled in the direction of various elements in Kazakh Turkic. In this study, more than 800 names used for birds in the Kazakh Turkic vocabulary have been identified, and the formation system of these names has been emphasized. The vocabulary of the bird names in the Kazakh Turkic has been revealed and their Latin and Turkish equivalents have been shown, and the formation system of the names identified has been set forth. As a result of the investigation, it is seen that the names of the birds in Kazakh Turkic are comprised of either two words or single word. While it is seen that the adjective clasue is used especially in the two-word structures, it is found that in single-word structures sometimes reflection voices are used, sometimes new names are obtained by using affixes found in Kazak Turkic, and sometimes foreign words are used either directly or by taking affixes. It has been found that various factors have been utilized while naming the birds such as color, limb, plant, mineral, animal, object, country names, time expressions, names of residence place or whereabouts, bird’s cry, size, movement, voice, appearance, gender, age and use of verbs. The methods used in bird names are not unique to birds or Kazakh Turks. The fact that a system similar to the methods used in the Kazakh Turkic is being used in the creation of animal names in Turkic and other Turkish dialects once again proves the existence of a common language and culture Due to the fact that Kazakhstan has large soils, and it homes to wide variety of animals, and these animals are important in terms of language and culture of Kazakh Turks. The Kazakh Turks have resorted to various methods and systems at the point of naming animals living in their geographies and it has been deemed necessary to prepare for studying this issue. Among the animals, only birds were included in the study, and the system of forming bird names was emphasized. There is a special place for the Kazakh Turks who have a common language and culture, and this special place is felt in all the experiences of the Kazakh Turks. This can be understood firstly from the figure of the eagle symbolizing freedom in the flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan and from the pictures of various bird species found in Kazakh money. In other words, for the Turkish communities living in Central Asia, the place of the bird in human life is not different from the place in Turkish culture. Since many names of birds were encountered in Kazakh Turkish, in this study it was deemed sufficient to identify the formation system of birds and the existence of words by giving Latin and Turkish equivalents to the name of the bird. Conclusions and Findings 1. In the study, bird names detected from various sources were handled and classified according to the naming system. 2. In Kazakh Turkish, 860 birds were found in the name of birds and in some cases more than one naming was used for a bird. 3. A bird species can take various names in Kazakh Turkish according to its color, sex, age or a different characteristic. 4. When the words given as names to birds in Kazakh Turkish are examined, it is determined that there are single or two word forms in the form and it is seen that the structures consisting of two words are mostly originated from Turkish namely Kazak Turkish. Besides these, the nomenclature has been localized by means of additions, even if it is of foreign origin, or by the other Kazakh Turkish origin. Bird names in this section are mostly composed by adjective description, sometimes using an object, organs, numbers, colors, animals, sounds, movements, places or qualities. After the construction, it is seen that the bird names in the combined name structure are in the majority. 5. The monolingual structures are dealt with under the heading "Nominal, Nomenclature, According to the Root and Additional Order", and various subheadings are included here. These; It is classified as “Bird names consisting of reflection of chestnut birds, bird names formed by attaching to the reflection of voices, bird names formed with inserts from name, birds names formed with annexes forming the name, birds names composed of singular birds, bird names originating from foreign origin". 6. Monolithic constructions constitute examples of word structures of both foreign origin and Turkish origin. In some nomenclatures where foreign words are used in the names of Kazakh Turkish, it is seen that in Kazakh Turkish, an extension has been localized, and some of the foreign words have changed in voice or never changed. 7. In the study, the foreign words were only included in the classification if they had received an attachment at the end of the year in Kazakh Turkish, and the non-classified words were given as "Foreign Words" at the end of the study. 8. Another way to use names is to add suffixes to the root or body of the name or verb. While the names of the birds were being created, the suffixes used in Kazakh Turkish were written under the subheadings and the samples of this species were ordered. 9. The use of the following appendices has been found in the structure of bird names:-(A)n, -AK, -AlAḲ, -Ar, -AwIk, -dAK, -Day, -GA, -ĠAy, -ġaḳ, -IK, -Ir, -Iş, -It, -Iy, -jIr, -k, -Kan, -KEŞ, -KI, -Kın, -LI, -man, - pA, -paḳ, -pan, -paz, -rek, -reñ, -sAK, -Sır, -şA, -şI, -şIn. 10. One of the common ways of making bird names in Kazakh Turkish is the use of reflection words. Reflections have been seen as a bird's name, either by taking a supplement or by voice repetition, and in some cases it has also been named as a bird by exiting the sestenery path that the bird emerges from. 11. Some of the bird names sometimes refer to an age range, while some names refer to gender. 12. It is seen through this study that the method of giving names to birds in Kazakh Turkic is not random, but in two-word structures, colors, limbs, plants, mines, animals, names of the country; Time expressions; The name of the place where it was found or lived; Birds have been given names such as size, movement, voice, appearance, gender, age and use of actions. 13. When naming is given, the choice of words used is entirely true. In other words, the reasons in the nomenclature are the features that can be seen and can be seen in accordance with reason and logic. 14. All roads used in Kazakh Turkish names are based on a certain system and plan. This system and order is not limited only to bird names, but also to all animals, plants, objects and so on. The naming methods identified here are not only valid for Kazakh Turkish, but also for other Turkish dialects and Turkish Turkic. This shows that although Turkish communities live in different geographies, they have a common system of language and thought and produce new nomenclatures based on existing things or objects. 15. Some of the bird names identified in the study are names that are common to Turkish of Turkey some of them were completely different. The following suggestions can be made based on the facts and findings obtained from this research: a. Similar to this research prepared for Kazakh Turkish, the names of animals and plants in Turkish and Turkish dialects should be determined and the methods and systems used in nomenclature should be revealed by examining the vocabulary obtained. b. There is a great need for explanatory dictionary work, especially for translations made through translation. For this reason, the preparation of dictionary exercises related to the subject should be initiated promptly. c. Correspondences to other Turkish dialects of bird names identified in the studies should also be identified, and further studies should be undertaken by establishing similarities and differences. We hope that this research will be able to contribute to all researchers who wish to study birds within the Turkish and Kazakh culture in the field of language and literature.

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