KARAMANLICADA “I” KARAKTERİ ÜZERİNE

Karamanlılar; Anadolu, Balkanlar ve Suriye'de yaşamış, Türkçe konuşmuş fakat Türkçeyi Grek alfabesiyle yazmış olan Ortodoks Hristiyanlardır. Özellikle Anadolu'da Karaman, Konya, Kayseri, Isparta, Burdur, Aydın, İstanbul ve Karadeniz'in Sahil bölgesinde yaşamışlardır. Karamanlıların isimlerini nereden aldıkları ve Türk olup olmadıkları kesin olarak ispatlanmasa da, kendilerine vermiş oldukları isimlerden ve Türkçe'den başka bir dil bilmedikleri için kendilerini Türk olarak nitelendirmişlerdir. Karamanlılar Kurtuluş Savaşında milli mücadele yanlısı bir tutum sergilemişler fakat inandıkları dinlerden dolayı Rum olarak düşünülmüş ve 1926'daki nüfus mübadelesinden beri Yunanistan'da yaşamaktadırlar. İlk zamanlar Yunanistan'a gidenler arasında gerek konuştukları dil olan Türkçe gerekse yaşamış ve yaşatmış oldukları Türk âdet ve görenekleri canlı ise de, bugün Yunanistan'da sayıları iyice azalmış ve büyük çoğunluğu hem Türkçe'yi hem de Türk âdet ve göreneklerini unutmuşlardır. Karamanlılar kullanmış oldukları Grek alfabesiyle çeşitli eserler ortaya koymuşlar ve bu alfabeyi çeşitli kitabelerde kullanmışlardır. Grek alfabesi ile yazılmış olan eserler ve kitabeler Türk dili ve tarihi açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Grek alfabesiyle yazılmış olan 1914 Nevşehir Salnamesi, Moni Flavianon, Adelfotis'in Kanunismos'u, Hikâyet-i Şah İsmail adlı eserler incelenmiş, Grek alfabesinde bulunan ? (yota) karakteri üzerinde durulmuş ve bu karakterin Karamanlıcadaki yapısı ve görevleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Belirlenmiş olan tespit ve bulgular incelenen eserlerden örnek cümleler seçilerek açıklanmıştır

ABOUT CHARACTER OF “I” IN KARAMANLIDIKA

territory and spoke Turkish but wrote its alphabet in Greek, were Orthodox Christians. They particularly lived in Karaman, Konya, Kayseri, Isparta, Burdur, Aydın, Istanbul and coasts of Black Sea in the region of Anatolia. Despite it’s not certain from where they got their names and whether they’re Turkish or not, Karamanlides introduced themselves as Turkish people because they didn’t know any language except for Turkish. Karamanlides had an attitude towards supporting national struggle in the War of Independence but they were thought as Greeks because of the religions they believed and they started to live in Greece since the population exchange in 1926. Despite both Turkish, the language which they spoke, and Turkish traditions were common among the ones who went to Greece at first, today their numbers decreased in Greece and most of them forgot both Turkish and Turkish traditions. They created various written works in Greek Alphabet and also used this alphabet for tablets. The works and tablets which were written in Greek alphabet had a significant importance regarding Turkish language and history. In this work, the works which were written in Greek Alphabet and named 1914 Nevşehir Annual, Moni Flavianon, Adelfotis’ Kanunismos, Hikâyet-i Şah Ismail were examined, it was dwelled on ι (yota) character and given information about structure and position of this character in Karamanlidika. Specified determinations and findings have been explained by choosing samples from examined works The interest in scientific studies about Karamanlides and Karamanlidika has increased but it has not reached a sufficient level. Karamanlides and Karamanlidika, both Turkish researchers and foreign researchers, have focused more on origins of Karamanlides, where they lived, which religion they believed, the language they used, and the works they wrote about this language. In particular, many researchers have expressed their views about the origins of Karamanlides. While many of the researchers admitted that the Karamanlides people were Turks, some foreign researchers (Greek) claimed to be of Greek descent. In this study, it was determined that there are differences in language structure of Karamanlidika. In other studies, it was observed that the phonics found in Karamanlidika were not explained sufficiently but the characters giving some phonics were not paid attention to more than one. This study focuses on the character ι found in Karamanlidika. Originally its known as the yota, which is present in the Greek alphabet, was used to represent the phonics of/ı/ and /i/ in Karamanlidika and it is stated that these phonics can not be distinguished precisely. Its agree with that definition It has been determined due to some features phonics of /ı/ and /i/ shown using a different character in Karamanlidika. This finding was obtained not only based on a text but also by comparing with other texts. In addition to the character ι as well as characters in ὶ-ί-ἰ-ἴ-ῖ- ΐ-ϊ-η-ὴ-ή-ιε-ιὲ-εί-εἰ-Η have also been identified as phonics of /ı/ and /i/ in Karamanlidika. Karamanlidika was also used not only to give the / ı / and / i / voices, but also to display the vowel / y / voice and the compound name in the Persian and Arabic texts seen in Ottoman Turkish. The character ι in Karamanlidika was determined to be used not only given phonics /ı/ and /i/, but also stated that phonics /y/and it was identified that shown Persian and Arabic compound nouns in the Ottoman Turkish. It has been shown that have a thinning effect of characters ι-ι in Karamanlidika. Mentioned in the above text which is used general features and which task of Karamanlidika referred character ι is grouped under five headings. It character is described by giving examples from the works of 1914 Nevşehir Salnamesi, Moni Flavianon, Adelfotis’in Kanunismos’u, Hikâyet-i Şah İsmail. It is emphasized earlier that the character ι in Karamanlidika is used to give phonics of/ı/ and /i/ in general and can not be distinguished from each other, but it has also been seen that this distinction is not valid in the writing of the quoted words. In texts Turkish words and suffixes are shown with different characters that phonics /ı/ and /i/. For example, ταστὴκ ἰδιλ- tasdik idil- < تصديق Ar. taśdįķ “Onaylama”+T idil-“edilmek” is shown by the characters ὴ phonic of/i/ in the Arabic origin word, while its phonic is shown with characters ἰ-ι in the Turkish origin word. Also, in another example, in order to give the Turkish words of νουσχασὴ nüshası < Ar. nüsħa+T sı “written an article, book copy” character ὴ is used phonic /ı/ in the words. Generally is seen to be used to give that phonic /ı/ characters η-ὴ-ή also phonic /i/ characters ι-ὶ-ί-ἰ in Karamanlidika. Another point is that character ι is used as consonant / y / in Karamanlidika. The character Ι is given the consonant /y/ with various punctuation marks on it. For example, it has been determined that characters such as ῒ-ϊ is shown in the words Καῒσεριεγε Kayserieye “Kayseri’ye”, ἐϊλεδιγὶμ eyledigim “Eylediğim, yaptığım” give consonants / y /. Another feature of Karamanlidika characters ι are used as terkip (compound) in subordinative. The Arabic and Persian subordinatives seen in Ottoman Turkish are also found in Karamanlidika. This rule, which connects the two words and constitutes meaningful word associations, has not been definite in Ottoman Turkish, but this rule has been determined definitively in Karamanlidika. Especially, It has been shown by adding to the end of the word that determinated (μερκέζι καζὰ mekezi kaza “Kaza merkezi”) or by placing it a special mark between determinative and determanited (πὲρ βὲδζχ-ι- ἀτίδιρ ber vech-i atidir “Aşağıdaki gibidir”). Karamanlidika, It has been stated that should be considered as a separate group within the Ottoman Turkish. Its also written in the Greek alphabet are not "transcription texts" in the usual sense. However, it has been seen that necessary studies have not been done in terms of "transcription" in Karamanlidika texts. Based on the obtained data, the transcription of the Karamanlidika texts can be determined. Especially the character ι-ι was effective in determining the consonant /ķ/ articular palate and the consonant /k/ anterior palate. In the words, μουκιαφὰτ mükafat

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