DEUTSCH ALS FREMDSPRACHE IM TOURISMUS*

DEUTSCH ALS FREMDSPRACHE IM TOURISMUS

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, Vorschläge und Hinweise zur Erstellung eines tourismusbezogenen Lehrwerks für Deutsch als Fremdsprache Untersuchungen zu geben. Hierfür werden sowohl die Sprechintentionen als deutschsprachigen Touristen und den türkischen Mitarbeitern in der Tourismusbranche wie Kellner, Rezeptionisten und Animateure vorkommen. Die Daten wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen Forschungsarbeit mit teilstrukturierten Interviews erhoben. Die Interviews wurden mit siebzehn Experten im Jahr 2013 durchgeführt, die in unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Tourismusbranche tätig sind. Experten aus folgenden Berufsgruppen wurden interviewt: fünf Personen arbeiten als Rezeptionisten in einem Hotel, eine Person als Kundenbeziehungsmanager, zwei Personen als Kellner, zwei Personen als Barkeeper und weitere zwei Personen als Animateure. Außerdem wurden Interviews mit zwei Hoteldirektoren, einem Reisebüroleiter, einer Betriebsleiterin Datenauswertung und –darstellung der Experteninterviews erfolgte durch die NVivo 8 Software. Das Datenmaterial wird mittels induktiver Kategorienbildung im Rahmen der zusammenfassenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Zuerst wurden die Interviews mehrmals durchgelesen, um die Daten auf jene Information zu reduzieren, die für die Analyse wichtig sind. Danach wurden sie nach Berufsgruppen (Kellner, Rezeptionisten und Animateure) kategorisiert. In einem weiteren Arbeitsschritt wurden die Daten in Subkategorien eingeteilt.Bei der Analyse wurden zahlreiche Sprechabsichten und Redemittel festgestellt, welche nach Berufsgruppen (Kellner, Rezeptionisten und Animateure) kategorisiert wurden Schlüsselwörter: Tourismusausbildung, tourismusbezogene DaFLehrwerke, regionale DaF-Lehrwerke, tourismusbezogene Sprechabsichten, Kommunikationsstörungen. GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN TOURISM ABSTRACT Drawing from a scientific research, this study aims to identify common speech intentions and patterns that occurred between Germanspeaking tourists and Turkish staff in the tourism industry such as waiters / waitresses, receptionists and animators. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews by adopting qualitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 experts from different areas of tourism industry in 2013. The expert participants comprise 5 receptionists, 1 public affair manager, 2 waiters / waitresses, 2 barman, 2 animators, 1 travel agency manager, 1 operations manager, and 1 food & beverages manager. The data collected were analyzed by using NVivo 8 software and out of them, categories were determined inductively and examined by adopting a qualitative content analysis method. Pertaining to three-phase analysis, first, interview transcript was read several times to reduce the data down to foci that are important for analysis. Secondly, a variety of speech intentions and patterns were identified that were further classified according to occupation (waiters / waitresses, receptionists and animators). At the final phase of the analysis, the data were divided into still further sub-categories. It is hoped that the findings will ultimately provide suggestions and tips for designing German as a foreign language (GFL) coursebook package for the tourism industry. STRUCTURED ASBTRACT Understanding and building an effective communication with the tourists is necessary to make them feel welcome, comfortable and at home. Therefore, it is important that staff in the tourism industry know the tourists’ first language or another foreign language that the tourists already know. The current study aims to identify common speech intentions and patterns that occurred between Turkish staff in the tourism industry (waiters / waitresses, receptionists and entertainers) and Germanspeaking tourists in Turkey. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews that were conducted with 17 experts from different areas of tourism industry in 2013. These areas of expertise range from receptionist (5), waiter / waitress (2), barman (2), animator (2) to hotel manager (2), public affair manager (1), travel agency manager (1), operations manager (1) and food and beverages manager (1). As given below, an interview guide with a number of questions was used in order to identify the aforementioned speech intentions and patterns.  How did you learn German? Have you ever taken Occupational German class during your school years?  Which staff mostly gets in touch with German-speaking tourists in the hotel you work for?  What are the main reasons (intentions) of interaction between a waiter / waitress and German-speaking tourists in the hotel you work for?  What are the main reasons (intentions) of interaction between a receptionist and German-speaking tourists in the hotel you work for?  What are the main reasons (intentions) of interaction between an animator and German-speaking tourists in the hotel you work for?  Can you please give me some speech patterns that are specifically pertaining to the above-mentioned speech intentions (reasons of interaction)? After informed consent was obtained from the participants, semistructured interviews were conducted and recorded by using digital tools. They were later transcribed verbatim. Interviews lasted between 5 and 25 minutes long and conducted in Turkish given the participants’ mother tongue, which is Turkish. The collected data were analyzed by using Nvivo 8 software. After a careful examination, a data reduction was made and categories were created out of interview data by adopting bottom-up method. Following this, a qualitative content analysis was made. Drawing from content analysis, quite a few of speech intentions were identified between German-speaking tourists and the staff in tourism industry, which were further classified according to occupation. In addition, speech patterns that are pertaining to particular speech intentions were also identified. The findings of this study are presented across occupation as follows: Common speech intentions;  between waiters / waitresses and German-speaking tourists: 1. taking orders (food, beverage) 2. greeting guests - asking how somebody is 3. talking about themselves 4. telling what is inside the dish - giving the recipe 5. giving out information on hotel areas and nearby places 6. recommending a drink 7. talking about the life in Turkey 8. telling a direction 9. giving information about the food 10. learning about guest satisfaction 11. removing cutlery from the table 12. responding to guests’ requests 13. knowing what the guests prefer to eat and what they are unable to digest (don’t want to) - responding to special requests 14. introducing oneself  between receptionists and German-speaking tourists: 1. responding to complaints (e.g. room, food, hotel staff, location of the room, noise) 2. receiving guests 3. telling a direction 4. providing rental car facility 5. greeting guests - asking how somebody is 6. giving out information about hotel 7. learning about guest satisfaction 8. giving out information on hotel areas and nearby places 9. processing check-ins (arrivals) - asking guests to fill out hotel registration form 10. taking payments 11. responding to complaint e-mails 12. confirming hotel bookings via e-mail 13. giving information (e.g. about custom, tour guide, activities in the hotel, meal times, concert) 14. collecting / leaving room keys, 15. giving information about places of interest and sightseeing spots 16. giving information about the town (resort) 17. writing an invitation card (anniversary) 18. writing a special-day post card / letter for regular guests (e.g. New Year’s Eve) 19. processing check-outs (departures), 20. introducing oneself, 21. responding to requests, 22. introducing the hotel via e-mail 23. introducing the rooms 24. sending an e-mail 25. accompanying guests to their rooms 26. giving information about room prices 27. giving instruction as to how to run air-conditioner and how to use steel locker and mini-bar 28. asking for demands 29. notifying the guests of lost property 30. dealing with arguments (quarrels) 31. dealing with guests’ health issues 32. giving travel agency a ring  between animators and German-speaking tourists: 1. entertaining the guests - using funny and motivational expressions 2. greeting guests - asking how somebody is 3. learning about guest satisfaction 4. giving advice on places of interest and sightseeing spots - giving information about means of travel 5. telling a direction 6. giving information about places of interest and sightseeing spots 7. responding to guest satisfaction (responding to compliment) 8. talking about themselves 9. talking about the life in Turkey (e.g. minimum wage) 10. responding to requests 11. giving information about leisure activities – telling the activities 12. giving information about the town (resort) As indicated in detail below, while 14 speech intentions were identified for the ‘waiters / waitresses’, 32 and 12 speech intentions were identified for the ‘receptionists’ and ‘animators’ respectively. Moreover, it was also found that there are some speech intentions that are common in all of these three occupations. Comparing based on occupation, it could be said that the number of speech intentions of ‘receptionist’ far outweigh the other two professions. So, it could be concluded that receptionists get in touch with the tourists more frequently. Given this finding, my argument is that the receptionists have a higher level of language proficiency is important. The findings could also well be extended by using the identified speech intentions and patterns in this study to ultimately improve German as a foreign language materials for tourism industry.

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