Effect of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on growth performance of sheep and on in vitro gas production kinetics
This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on growth performance of sheep, in vitro gas production, estimated energy, and microbial protein synthesis. A total of 18 Naimey male sheep with average live weight of 22.78 ± 0.24 kg were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Sheep in group 1 were fed a diet containing commercial feed without seaweed as a control diet, sheep in group 2 were fed the control diet with 3% seaweed, and sheep in group 3 were fed the control diet with 5% seaweed. The supplementation of seaweed had no effect (P > 0.05) on the average daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. The extent of gas production at 72 h was similar among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the potential degradability, gas production rate, metabolizable energy, net energy, organic matter digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis among the experimental diets. This study concluded that dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) has no effect on growth of sheep, in vitro gas production, potential degradability, estimated energy, organic matter digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis.
Effect of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on growth performance of sheep and on in vitro gas production kinetics
This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on growth performance of sheep, in vitro gas production, estimated energy, and microbial protein synthesis. A total of 18 Naimey male sheep with average live weight of 22.78 ± 0.24 kg were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Sheep in group 1 were fed a diet containing commercial feed without seaweed as a control diet, sheep in group 2 were fed the control diet with 3% seaweed, and sheep in group 3 were fed the control diet with 5% seaweed. The supplementation of seaweed had no effect (P > 0.05) on the average daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. The extent of gas production at 72 h was similar among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the potential degradability, gas production rate, metabolizable energy, net energy, organic matter digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis among the experimental diets. This study concluded that dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) has no effect on growth of sheep, in vitro gas production, potential degradability, estimated energy, organic matter digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis.
___
- Okab AB. Risk and beneficial uses of sea algae (Ulva lactuca Linnaeus) in animal feedstuffs. In: 7th International Conference, Risk Factors of Food Chain, Nitra, Slovakia: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; 2007. pp 152–158.
- Oliveira MN, Freitas ALP, Carvalho AFFU, Sampaio TMT, Farias DF, Teixeira DIA, Gouveia ST, Pereira JG, Sena MMCC. Nutritive and non-nutritive attributes of washed-up seaweeds from the coast of Ceará, Brazil. Food Chem 2009; 115: 254– 256.
- Arieli A, Sklan D, Kissil G. A note on the nutritive value of Ulva lactuca for ruminants. Anim Prod 1993; 57: 329–331.
- Applegate RD, Gray PB. Nutritional value of seaweed to ruminants. Rangifer 1995; 15: 15–18.
- Ventura MR, Castaňoń JIR. The nutritive value of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) for goats. Small Ruminant Res 1998; 29: 325– 327.
- Beatrice DB. Nutritional aspects of the developing use of marine macro algae for the human food industry. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1993; 44 (Suppl. 1): 23–35.
- Norziah MH, Ching CY. Nutritional composition of edible seaweed Gracilria changgi. Food Chem 2000; 68: 69–76.
- Wong KH, Cheung PCK. Nutritional evaluation of some subtropical red and green seaweeds. Part 1. Proximate composition, amino acids profiles and some physico-chemical properties. Food Chem 2000; 71: 475–482.
- Kellogg DW, Pennington JA, Johnson ZB, Anschutz KS, Colling DP, Johnson AB. Effects of feeding Tasco Asco phyllum nodosum to large and small dairy cows during summer months in central Arkansas. J Anim Sci 2006; 84 (Suppl. 1): 72.
- Yates DT, Salisbury MW, Anderson H, Ross TT. Effects of Tasco-Ex supplementation on growth and fertility traits in male goats experiencing heat stress. Tex J Agric Nat. Resour 2010; 23: 12–18.
- Okab AB, Ayoub MA, Ondruska L, Koriem AA. Dry biomass of Mediterranean sea algae in feed mixture of rabbits and its effects on semen characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Safety and Quality in Raw Material Foodstuffs. Nitra, Slovakia: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; 2008. pp. 403–409.
- Okab AB, Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Rafay J, Ondruska L, Parkanyi V, Pivko J, Ayoub MA, Al-Haidary AA, Alju maah RS et al. Effects of dietary seaweed (Ulva lactuca) supplementation on the reproductive perfor mance of buck and doe rabbits. J Appl Anim Res 2013; 41: 347–355.
- Ventura MR, Castaňoń JR, McNab JM. Nutritional value of seaweed (Ulva rigida) for poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1994; 48: 87–92.
- Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analyses and gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Develop 1988; 28: 7–55.
- Onodera R, Henderson C. 1980. Growth factors of bacterial origin for the culture of rumen oligotrich protozoon, Entodinium caudatum. J Appl Bacteriol 2008; 48: 125–134.
- Blümmel M, Ørskov ER, Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in prediction of feed intake in cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1993; 40: 109–119.
- Ørskov ER, McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J Agric Sci 1979; 92: 499–503.
- Czerkawaski JW. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; 1986.
- AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, DC, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2004.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson TB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583–3597.
- SAS. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institution; 2004.
- Allen VG, Pond KR, Saker KE, Fontentot JP, Bagley CP, Ivy RL, Evans RR, Schmidt RE, Fike JH, Zhang X et al. Tasco: Influence of brown seaweed on antioxidants in forage and livestock—a review. J Anim Sci 2001; 79: E21–E31.
- Al-Shorepy SA, Alhadrami GA, Jamali IA. Effect of feeding diets containing seaweed on weight gain and carcass characteristics of indigenous lambs in the United Arab Emirates. Small Ruminant Res 2001; 41: 283–287.
- Han H, Hussein HS, Glimp HA, Saylor DH, Greene LW. Carbohydrate fermentation and nitrogen metabolism of a finishing beef diet by ruminal microbes in continuous cultures as affected by ethoxyquin and (or) supplementation of monensin and tylosin. J Anim Sci 2002; 80: 1117–1123.
- Melton CSM. Influence of coated whole cottonseed on nutritional value and its potential for supplementation to ruminants. PhD, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA,
- Hansen HR, Hector BL, Feldmann J. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the seaweed diet of North Ronaldsay sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003; 105: 21–28.