Kemal Özdem ÖZTABAK, AKIŞ Iraz AKAD, Ahmet MENGİ

A determination of growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red cattle, South Anatolian Red cattle, and Turkish Grey cattle

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki yerli sığır ırklarından Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı (GAK), Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) ve Boz ırk sığırlarda, büyüme hormonu reseptör (GHR) genindeki polimorfizmlerin genotip ve allel dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her sığır ırkından 50’er adet bireyden kan alınarak standart amonyum asetatla çöktürme yöntemiyle DNA örnekleri izole edilmiştir. Hedef bölgeler polimeraz zincir reaksiyonuyla çoğaltılmış ve AluI, AccI, StuI, NsiI ve Fnu4HI restriksiyon enzimleri ile sindirilmiştir. Süt verimiyle ilişkili GHR/AluI polimorfizmi + allelinin frekansı Boz ırk sığırlarda, et verimiyle ilişkili GHR/AluI polimorfi zmi – allelinin frekansı GAK ve DAK ırkı sığırlarda düşük bulunmuştur. Süt verimini etkileyen GHR/StuI polimorfi zmi + allelinin frekansı DAK ırkında düşük, GHR/NsiI polimorfizmi –/– genotipi ise üç ırkta da düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir. Et verimiyle ilişkili GHR/Fnu4HI polimorfizmi + allelinin frekansı GAK ve DAK ırklarında düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak GHR genindeki verim özellikleri açısından etkili bazı allellerin yerli ırklarda yüksek verimli Avrupa ırklarına kıyasla daha düşük frekanslara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı, Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı ve Boz ırk sığırlarda büyüme hormonu reseptör geni polimorfi zmlerinin belirlenmesi

The objective of this study was to determinate the genotype and allele distributions of growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red cattle (EAR), South Anatolian Red cattle (SAR), and Turkish Grey (TG) cattle. To this end, 50 EAR, 50 SAR, and 50 TG cattle were used in the study. DNA samples were isolated by using the standard ammonium acetate salt-out method. Target regions were amplified and digested by AluI, AccI, StuI, NsiI, and Fnu4HI restriction enzymes. The + allele frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR)/AluI polymorphism related with milk traits in TG cattle and the – allele frequencies of GHR/AluI polymorphism related with meat traits in EAR and SAR cattle were found to be low. The + allele frequency of GHR/StuI polymorphism affecting milk traits was found to be low in the EAR breed. The –/– genotype of GHR/NsiI polymorphism was also low in all 3 of the breeds. The + allele frequency of GHR/Fnu4HI polymorphism related with meat traits turned out to be low in the SAR and EAR breeds. In conclusion, it can be said that some of the alleles of GHR polymorphisms that are favorable for trait qualities occur less frequently in SAR, EAR, and TG cattle breeds than they do in high-trait European breeds.

PDF

___

1. Owens, F.N., Dubeski, P., Hanson, C.F.: Factors that alter the growth and development of ruminants. J. Anim. Sci., 1993; 71: 3138-3150.
2. Parmentier, I., Portetelle, D., Gengler, N., Prandi, A., Bertozzi, C., Vleurick, L., Gilson, R., Renaville, R.: Candidate gene markers associated with somatotropic axis and milk selection. Domest. Anim. Endocrin., 1999; 17: 139-148.
3. Etherton, T.D., Bauman, D.E.: Biology of somatotropin in growth and lactation of domestic animals. Phsiol. Rev., 1998; 78: 745-761.
4. Sejrsen, K., Foldager, J., Sorensen, M.T., Akers, R.M., Bauman, D.E.: Effect of exogenous bovine somatotropin on pubertal mammary development in heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 1986; 69: 1528- 1535.
5. Glimm, D.R., Baracos, V.E., Kenelly, J.J.: Molecular evidence for the presence of growth hormone receptors in the bovine mammary gland. J. Endocrinol., 1990; 125: 5-8.
6. Lincoln, D.T., Sinowatz, F., El-Hifnawi, E., Hughes, R.L., Waters, M.: Evidence of a direct role for growth hormone (GH) in mammary gland proliferation and lactation. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 1995; 24: 107-115.
7. Argetsinger, L.S., Carter-Su, C.: Mechanism of signaling by growth hormone receptor. Physiol. Rev., 1996; 76: 1089-1107.
8. Kopchick, J.J., Andry, J.M.: Growth hormone (GH), GH receptor and signal transduction. Mol. Genet. Metab., 2000; 71: 293-314.
9. Cunningham, B.C., Ultsch, M., De Vos, A.M., Mulkerin, M.G., Clauser, K.R., Wells, J.A.: Dimerization of the extracellular domain of the human growth hormone receptor by a single growth hormone molecule. Science, 1991; 254: 821-825.
10. Moody, D.E., Pomp, D., Barendse, W., Womack, J.E.: Assignment of the growth hormone receptor gene to bovine chromosome 20 using linkage analysis and somatic cell mapping. Anim. Genet., 1995; 26: 341-343.
11. Lucy, M.C., Johnsson, G.S., Shibuya, H., Boyd, C.K., Herring, W.O., Werin, M.: Rapid communication: Polymorphic (GT)n microsatellite in the bovine somatotropin receptor gene promoter. J. Anim. Sci., 1998; 76: 2209-2210.
12. Jiang, H., Lucy, M.C.: Variants of the 5’-untranslated region of the bovine growth hormone receptor mRNA: isolation, expression and effects on translational efficiency. Gene, 2001; 265, 45-53.
13. Cooper, D.N.: Regulatory mutations and human disease. Ann. Med., 1992; 24: 427-437.
14. Aggrey, S.E., Yao, J., Sabour, M.P., Lin, Y., Zadworny, D., Hayes, J.F., Kuhnlein, U.: Markers within the regulatory region of the growth hormone receptor gene and their association with milk-related traits in Holsteins. J. Hered., 1999; 90: 148-151.
15. Maj, A., Oprzadek, J., Oprzadek, A., Dymnicki, E., Zwierzchowski, L.: Polymorphism in the 5’-noncoding region of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene and its association with meat, production traits in cattle. Anim. Res., 2004; 53, 503-514.
16. Miller, L.M., Paszek, A.A., Schook, L.B., Louis, C.F.: Denser marker coverage provides greater evidence for carcass trait QTL on SSCP. Anim. Genet., 1998; 29: 60-74.
17. Yeh, F., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T.: (2000). PopGene (v.1.32) Microsoft Windows-Based Free-Ware for Population Genetic Analysis, http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/Pop32.exe.
18. Ashwell, M.S., Heyen, D.W., Sonstegard, T.S., Van Tanssell, C.P., Da, Y., VanRaden, P.M., Ron, M., Weller, J.I., Lewin, H.A.: Detection of quantitative trait loci aff ecting milk production, health and reproductive traits in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 2004; 87: 468-475.
19. Weikard, R., Kühn, C., Goldammer, T., Freyer, G., Schwerin, M.: The bovine PPARGC1A gene: molecular characterization and association of an SNP with variation of milk fat synthesis. Physiol. Genomics, 2004; 21: 1-13.
20. Bakır, G., Kaygısız, G.: Guney Anadolu kırmızısı sığırlarında dünden bugüne yaplan ıslah calışmaları. Gap 3. Tarım Kongresi, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. 2003.
21. Kaupe, B., Winter, A., Fries, R., Erhardt, G.: DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds. J. Dairy Res., 2004; 71: 182-187.
22. Edwards, C.J., Baird, J.F., Machugh, D.E.: Taurine and Zebu admixture in Near Eastern cattle: A comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data. Anim. Genet., 2007; 38: 520-524.
23. Oztabak, K., Un, C., Tesfaye, D., Akis, I., Mengi, A.: Genetic polymorphisms of Osteopontin (OPN), Prolactin (PRL) and pituitary-specifi c transcript factor-1 (PIT-1) in South Anatolian and East Anatolian red cattle. Acta Agriculturae Scand. Section A, 2008; 58: 109-112.
24. Akis, I., Oztabak, K., Gonulalp, I., Mengi, A., Un, C.: IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene polymorphisms in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red cattle. Russ. J. Genet., 2010; 46: 439-442.
25. Yardibi, H., Hosturk, G.T., Paya, I., Kaygisiz, F., Cift ioglu, G., Mengi, A., Oztabak, K.: Associations of growth hormone gene polymorphisms with milk production traits in South Anatolian and East Anatolian red cattle. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 2009; 8: 1040- 1044.
26. Vignal, A., Milan, D., Sancristobal, M., Eggen, A.: A review on SNP and other types of molecular markers and their use in animal genetics. Genet. Sel. Evol., 2002; 34: 275-305.
27. Maj, A., Strzalkowska, N., Sloniewski, K., Krzyzewski, J., Oprzadek, L., Zwierzchowski, L.: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5’-noncoding region of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene and its association with dairy production traits in Polish Black-and-White cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2004; 49: 419-429.
28. Maj, A., Pareek, C.S., Klauzinska, M., Zwierzchowski, L.: Polymorphism of 5’-region of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 2005; 122: 414-417.
29. Curi, R.A., Palmieri, D.A., Suguisawa, L., Ferraz, A.L.J., Oliveira, H.N., Furlan, L.R., Silveira, A.C., Lopes, C.R.: Effects of GHR gene polymorphisms on growth and carcass traits in Zebu and crossbred beef cattle. Livest. Sci., 2006; 101: 94-100.
30. Skinkyte, R., Zwierzchowski, L., Riaubaite, L., Baltrenaite, L., Miceikiene, I.: Distribution of allele frequencies important to milk production traits in Lithuanian Black & White and Lithuanian Red Cattle. Vet. Zootech. Lith., 2005; 31: 93-97.