Melih UÇMAK, Çağatay TEK, Mehmet C. GÜNDÜZ, Ahmet SABUNCU, Adem ŞENÜNVER

Optimum timing for operation in bitches with pyometra related to endotoxemia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of endotoxin in bitches with pyometra and to investigate the effects of preoperative supportive therapy on plasma endotoxin levels (LPS), the complete blood count, serum biochemistry parameters (alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine), clinical health status at the 12th, 24th, and 48th h following presentation, and to explore if they were correlated. Randomly allocated into 2 equivalent groups were 20 bitches with pyometra, aged from 3 to 16 years (mean 9.15 ± 3.65 years). After collection of the samples, bitches in ovariohysterectomy without premedical supportive therapy (group OH) were operated on without delay. Bitches in ovariohysterectomy with premedical supportive therapy (group M) were operated on with a 48 h delay. Bitches with pyometra receiving supportive therapy had no significant difference in endotoxin levels (P < 0.001), total blood counts, or serum biochemical parameters, which were evaluated along with food intake and activity scores during the 2 day period. There was a moderate positive correlation between LPS (endotoxin) and WBC (white blood cell), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and creatinine levels and a moderate negative correlation between LPS, activity, and food intake scores at the 12th h evaluation. In conclusion, against the probability of high levels of circulating endotoxins in pyometra cases, bitches must undergo surgery at an optimum time, which is thought to be within 12 h of supportive therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Pyometra, bitches, endotoxin, supportive therapy

Optimum timing for operation in bitches with pyometra related to endotoxemia

Keywords:

Key words: Pyometra, bitches, endotoxin, supportive therapy,

PDF

___

Nelson, R.W., Feldman, E.C.: Pyometra in the bitch. In: Morrow, D.A. Ed. Current therapy in theriogenology 2 WB. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 1986; 484-489.
Sevelius, E., Tidholm, A., Th oren-Tolling, K.: Pyometra in the dog. Jour. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 1990; 26: 33-38.
Wheaton, L.G., Johnson, A.L., Parker, A.J., Kneller, S.K.: Results and complications of surgical treatment of pyometra: a review of 80 cases. Jour. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 1989; 25: 563-568.
Harvey, M.: Conditions of the non-pregnant female. In: Simpson, G.M., England, G.C.W., Harvey, M., Eds. Manuel of small animal reproduction and neonatology. BSAVA, UK. 1998; 34-50.
Hagman, R., Kindahl, H., Lagerstedt A.S.: Pyometra in bitches induces elevated plasma endotoxin and prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels. Acta. Vet. Scand., 2006; 47: 55-68.
Okano, S., Tagawa, M., Takase, K.: Relationship of the blood endotoxin concentration and prognosis in dogs with pyometra. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 1998; 60: 1265-1267.
Hagman, R.: New aspects of canine pyometra. PhD Dissertation. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. 2004.
Wessels, B.C., Gaffi n, S.L., Wells, M.T.: Circulating plasma endotoxin concentrations in healthy and hemorrhagic enteric dogs: antiendotoxin immunotherapy in hemorrhagic enteric endotoxemia. Jour. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 1987; 23: 291- 295.
Okano, S., Tagawa, M., Hara, Y., Ejima, H., Motoyoshi, S., Urakawa, N., Furukawa, K., Onda, M., Ogawa, R.: Changes in reticuloendothelial function in dogs with endotoxin induced shock. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 1993; 55: 607-611.
Borresen, B.: Pyometra in the dog: a pathophysiological investigation. Nord. Vet. Med., 1975; 27: 508-517.
Bottoms, G.D., Johnson, M.A., Roesel, O.F.: Endotoxin- induced hemodynamic changes in dogs: role of thromboxane and prostaglandin I2. Am. Jour. Vet. Res., 1983; 44: 1497-1500.
Lein, D.H.: Infertility and reproductive diseases in bitches and queens. In: Roberts, S.J., Ed. Veterinary obstetrics and genital disease (Th eriogenology). Author Woodstock, Vermont. 1991; 735-740.
Tsumoro, H., Hiyama, E., Kodama, T., Sueda, T., Yokoyama, T.: Relevance of antimicrobial agent-induced endotoxin release from in vitro cultured Escherichia coli and in vivo experimental infection with gram-negative bacilli. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 2003; 21: 463-470.
Blendinger, K., Bostedt, H., Hoff mann, B.: Hormonal state and eff ects of the use of an antiprogestin in bitches with pyometra. J. Reprod. Fertil., 1997; 51: 317-325.
Gobello, C., Castex, G., Klima, L., Rodriguez, R., Corrada, Y.: A study of two protocols combining aglepristone and cloprostenol to treat open cervix pyometra in the bith. Th eriogenology, 2003; 60: 901-908.
Uçmak, M., Tek, Ç.: Comparison of the effi cacy of diff erent methods on the medical treatment of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in bitches. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy., 2008; 52: 231-234.
England, G.: Infertility in the bitch and queen. In: Noakes, D.E., Parkinson, T.J., England, G.C.W., Eds. Arthur’s veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. WB. Saunders Harcourt Pub. Lim., 2001; 650-655.
Th urmon, J.C., Tranquilli, W.J., Benson, G.J., Lumb, W.V.: Considerations for general anesthesia. In: Th urmon, J.C., Tranquilli, W.J., Benson, G.J., Eds. Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland. 1996; 8-11.
Paluch, T.A., Benjamin, E., Stein, J.S., Iberri, T.J.: Regional CO2 production in canine endotoxemia. Anesthesiology, 1985; 63: 158.
Stadlbauer, V., Davies, N.A., Wright, G., Jalan, R.: Endotoxin measures in patients sample: how valid are the results. J. Hepatol., 2007; 47: 726-731.
Kaymaz, M., Baştan, A., Erünal, N., Aslan, S., Fındık, M.: Th e use of laboratory fi ndings in the diagnosis of CEH-Pyometra complex in the bitch. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 1999; 23: 127- 133.
Nak, D., Mısırlıoğlu, D., Nak, Y., Kuzugüden, F., Keskin, A.: Köpeklerde pyometranın tanısında laboratuar, ultrasonografi ve vaginal sitoloji bulgularının karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi üzerine çalışmalar. J. Fac. Vet. Med., 2001; 20: 1-7.
Wessels, B.C., Wells, M.T.: Antiendotoxin immunotherapy for canine pyometra endotoxemia. Jour. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 1989; 25: 455-460.
Shenep, J.L., Mogan, K.A.: Kinetics of endotoxin release during antibiotic therapy for experimental gram negative bacterial sepsis. J. Infect. Dis., 1984; 150: 380-388.