Fevziye Burcu ŞİRİN, Duygu Kumbul DOĞUÇ, Hüseyin VURAL, İbrahim EREN, İkbal İNANLI, Recep SÜTCÜ, Namik DELİBAŞ

Plasma 8-isoPGF2? and serum melatonin levels in patients with minimal cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Background/aim: F2α-isoprostane is accepted as an oxidative stress indicator and melatonin shows neuroprotective effects by antioxidative and antiamyloidogenic influences. By measuring these in patients diagnosed with minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer-type dementia, we intended to demonstrate whether the measurement of these markers contributes to early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in the MCI stage or not. Materials and methods: Three groups (n = 63) were created: the AD group, MCI group, and control group. Serum melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay method, and plasma total 8-isoPGF2α levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay method. Results: Significant differences were observed in the melatonin levels between the MCI group and AD group (P = 0.009), and in 8-isoPGF2α levels between the AD group and control group (P = 0.022). A negative correlation between mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and 8-isoPGF2α levels (r = -0.459, P < 0.001) and positive correlation between MMSE scores and melatonin levels (r = 0.317, P = 0.011) were found. Conclusion: Although the plasma 8-isoPGF2α and serum melatonin levels in MCI were not found to be good early diagnostic markers to indicate risk of AD, results were found to support the role of oxidative stress in AD.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Alzheimer disease, minimal cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, isoprostane, melatonin

Plasma 8-isoPGF2? and serum melatonin levels in patients with minimal cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Keywords:

Alzheimer disease, minimal cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, isoprostane, melatonin,

PDF

___

Selekler K. Alzheimer hastalığının öncesi: hafif kognitif bozukluk. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35: 199–206 (in Turkish).
Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment: where are we? Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2005; 19: 166–169.
Chertkow H. Mild cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Neurol 2002; 15: 401–407. 4. Cardinalli DP, Vigo DE, Olivar N, Vidal MF, Furio AM, Brusco LI. Therapeutic application of melatonin in mild cognitive impairment. Am J Neurodegener Dis 2012; 1: 280–291.
Braak H, Braak E. Diagnostic criteria for neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 1997; 18: 85–88.
Montine TJ, Neely MD, Quinn JF, Beal F, Markesbery WR. Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzheimer’s Disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33: 620–626. 7. Pratico D, Delanty N. Oxidative injury in diseases of the central nervous system: focus on Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Med 2000; 109: 577–585.
Smith MA, Rottkamp C, Nunomura A, Raina AK, Perry G. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1502: 139–144.
ChristenY. Oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 621–629.
Mariani E, Polidori MC, Cherubini A, Mecocci P. Oxidative stress in aging, neurodegenerative and vascular diseases: an overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 827: 65–75.
Praticò D, Lawson JA, Rokach J, FitzGerald GA. The isoprostanes in biology and medicine. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2001; 12: 243–247.
Pratico D, Lawson JA, FitzGerald GA. Cyclooxygenase- dependent formation of the isoprostane, 8-epi PGF2α. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 9800–9808.
Reiter RJ. Melatonin: clinical relevance. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 17: 273–285.
Matuszak Z, Reszka KJ, Chignell CF. Reaction of melatonin and related indoles with hydroxyl radicals: ESR and spin trapping investigations. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23: 367–372.
Pappolla MA, Chyan YJ, Poeggeler B. An assessment of the antioxidant and antiamyloidogenic properties of melatonin: implications for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm 2000; 107: 203–231.
Bettahi I, Pozo D, Osuna C, Reiter RJ, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Guerrero JM. Melatonin reduces nitric oxide synthase activity in rat hypothalamus. J Pineal Res 1996; 20: 205–210.
Liu RY, Zhou JN, van Heerikhuize J, Hofman MA, Swaab DF. Decreased melatonin levels in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid in relation to aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and apolipoprotein E-epsilon4/4 genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 323– 327.
Wu YH, Swaab DF. The human pineal gland and melatonin in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. J Pineal Res 2005; 38: 145–152.
Amuk T, Karadağ F, Oğuzhanoğlu N, Oğuzhanoğlu A. Cornell demansta depresyon ölçeği’nin Türk yaşlı toplumunda geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2003; 14: 263–271 (in Turkish).
Reisberg B, Ferris SH, de Leon MJ. The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139: 1136–1139.
Diker J, Etiler N, Yıldız M, Şeref B. Altmış beş yaş üzerindeki kişilerde bilişsel durumun günlük yaşam aktiviteleri, yaşam kalitesi ve demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2001; 2: 79–86 (in Turkish).
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC, USA: APA; 1994.
Ceyhun B. Demansın psikolojik değerlendirilmesi. Demans Dizisi 1999; 3: 90–103.
Folstein MF, Folstein SF, McHugh PR. Mini Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiat Research 1975; 12: 189–198.
Ertan T, Eker E, Güngen C, Engin F, Yaşar R, Kılıç G, Özel S. The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination for illiterate Turkish elderly population. In: 2nd International Symposium on Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Assessment of Mental and Behavioral Disorders; 1999.
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RC, Tangalos EG, Kökmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999; 56: 303–308.
Montine TJ, Markesbery WR, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ. Cerebrospinal fluid F2-isoprostane levels are increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 1998; 44: 410–413.
Pratico D, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Rokach J, Fitzgerald GA. Increased F2-isoprostanes in Alzheimer’s disease: evidence for enhanced lipid peroxidation in vivo. FASEB J 1998; 12: 1777– 1783.
Pratico D, Clark CM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Rokach J, Fitzgerald GA. Increased 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI in Alzheimer’s disease: correlation of a non-invasive index of lipid peroxidation with disease severity. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 809–812.
Tuppo EE, Forman LJ, Spur BW, Chan-Ting RE, Chopra A, Cavalieri TA. Sign of lipid peroxidation as measured inthe urine of patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2001; 54: 565–568.
Pratico D, Clark CM, Linn F, Rokach J, Lee VY, Trojanowski JQ. Increase of brain oxidative stress in mild cognitive impairment: a possible predictor of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 972–976.
Irizary MC, Yao Y, Hyman BT, Growdon JH, Pratico D. Plasma F2 isoprostane levels in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Neurodegener Dis 2007; 4: 403–405.
Mufson E, Leurgans S. Inability of plasma and urine F2α- isoprostane levels to differentiate mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegener Dis 2010; 7: 139–142.
Kuo HC, Yen HC, Huang CC, Hsu WC, Wei HJ, Lin CL. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neuropsychological symptoms in early stage of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Neurosci 2014 (Epub ahead of print).
Wang J, Wang Z. Role of melatonin in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration. 2006; 27: 41–49.
Zhou JN, Liu RY, Kamphorst W, Hofman MA, Swaab DF. Early neuropathological Alzheimer’s changes in aged individuals are accompanied by decreased cerebrospinal fluid melatonin levels. J Pineal Res 2003; 35: 125–130.
Wu YH, Swaab DF. The human pineal gland and melatonin in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. J Pineal Res 2005; 8: 145–152.
Polimeni G, Esposito E, Bevelacqua V, Guarneri C, Cuzzocrea S. Role of melatonin supplementation in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2014; 19: 429–446 .
Wade AG, Farmer M, Harari G, Fund N,Laudon M, Nir T, Marom AF,ZisapelN. Add-on prolonged-release melatonin for cognitive function and sleep in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9: 947–961.
Wu YH, Feenstra MG, Zhou JN, Liu RY, Torano JS, van Kan HJ. Molecular changes underlying reduced pineal melatonin levels in Alzheimer disease: alterations in preclinical and clinical stages. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 5898–5906.
Ferrari E, Arcaini A, Gornati R, Pelanconi L, Cravello L. Pineal and pituitary-adrenocortical function in physiological aging and in senile dementia. Exp Gerontol 2000; 35: 1239–1250.
Ohashi Y, Okamoto N, Uchida K, Iyo M, Mori N, Morita Y. Daily rhythm of serum melatonin levels and effect of light exposure in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 1646–1652.