Ticari balıkçılıkta üretim etkinliği: Karadeniz Bölgesi Samsun İli örneği, Türkiye

Samsun ili balıkçılarının sahip olduğu aşırı avlanma kapasitesinin balık türleri üzerine oluşturduğu baskı; hem kendilerinin, hem de balık endüstrisinde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin ve bölgede balıkçılığa dayalı işlerde çalışanların gelirinde azalmalar meydana getirmiştir. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda, Samsun ilinde faaliyet gösteren büyük ölçekli modern balıkçıların üretim etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Üretim Etkinliği ölçümlerinin hesaplanmasında Veri Zarflama Yönteminden (VZY) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri 2007 -2008 üretim döneminde trol ile balıkçılık yapan 55, gırgır ve trolü birlikte kullanarak balıkçılık yapan 65 balıkçıdan anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, ortalama ekonomik etkinlik skorunun trolle balıkçılık yapanlar için 0 .535, gırgır ve trolü birlikte kullanarak balıkçılık yapanlar için 0 .667 olduğunu göstermiştir. Samsun ili ticari balıkçılığında ekonomik yetersizliğin temel kaynağı trol ile balıkçılık yapanlar için tahsis yetersizliği iken, gırgır ve trolü birlikte kullanarak balıkçılık yapanlar için teknik yetersizliktir. Teknik etkinlik analizi sonuçları, inceleme alanında her iki grup balıkçı için teknik yetersizliğin ana sebebinin saf teknik etkinlik olduğunu göstermiştir. İncelenen balıkçıların büyük bir çoğunluğu ölçeğe artan getiriye sahiptir. Araştırma sonuçları a yrıca inceleme alanındaki ekonomik yetersizliğin bir diğer sebebinin de avlanma sezonunun kısıtlanmasının ve piyasa başarısızlığının yol açtığı aşırı kapasite problemi olduğunu göstermiştir. Balıkçılara yönelik eğitim ve yayım çalışmaları geliştirerek balıkçıların teknik bilgi düzeyinin artırılması, aşırı kapasiteden kaynaklanan yetersizliğin ortadan kaldırılması, balık stoklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımı ve balıkçıların balık ve diğer deniz ürünlerinin katma değerini yükseltmek için işleme, paketleme ve d epolama gibi faaliyetlerle özendirilmesi inceleme alanında üretim etkinliğini artırabilecektir.

Productive efficiency of commercial fishing: Evidence from the Samsun province of black sea, Turkey

Most commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in fish stocks sourced by overcapacity, and thus, there has been a decline in the economic benefits of fishermen, industries, and regions that rely on fisheries for their support in Samsun. There fore, the study evaluated productive efficiency measures for large scale modern commercial fishermen in Samsun Province, Turkey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to calculate productive efficiency measures. 55 trawlers and 65 fishermen who prefer to use trawlers together with seine fishing were interviewed in the 2007 2008 production periods. Research results showed that the mean economic efficiency of trawlers and the fishermen preferring to use trawlers together with seine fishing were 0.535 and 0 .667, respectively. In Samsun, the primary source of economic inefficiency for trawlers was allocative inefficiency, while that of mixed fishermen was technical inefficiency. Decompositio n of the technical efficiency showed that pure technical efficiency w as the primary cause of the technical inefficiency for both trawlers and mixed fishermen. Most fishermen in both fishing types exhibited increasing return to scale. Research findings also revealed that basic source of inefficiency was overcapacity problems sourced by market failures and restrictions on season length in the research area. Policy measures aimed at developing training and extension programs, helping fishermen improve their technical information, eliminating inefficiency sourced by overcapacity , sustainable use of the fish stocks, and encouraging fishermen to obtain higher added value from fish and other sea products via processing, packing and storing fish instead of increasing fish production are recommended to increase productive efficiency in the research area.

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