Girish KUMAR, Swaraj Priyaranjan KUNAL, Maria Rosalia MENEZES, Martin KOCOUR

Genetic Divergence between auxis thazard and a.rochei based on pcr-rflp analysis of mtdna d-loop region

Tunas of genus Auxis are commercially and ecologically important fish of family Scombridae. There is currently no information concerning the genetic divergence between A. thazard and A. rochei. Therefore, a study was conducted to estimate the degree of genetic divergence between two species based on PCR-RFLP analysis of D -loop region (500 bp) of mitochondrial DNA in 100 individuals collected from Tuticorin (India). High level of genetic divergence (9.26%) w as observed between A. thazard and A. rochei. Estimates of molecular diversity indices were higher in A. rochei (π = 3.8808; hd = 0.9641 ) compared to A. thazard (π = 2.2514; hd = 0.8441 ). Based on demographic parameters, population expansion of A. thazard estimated to begin about 67,167 years before present while of founding of A. rochei took place about 114,747 years before present in Indian Ocean. Thus, we conclude that A. rochei represents the ancestral species of genus Auxis .

PDF

___

Asahida, T., Kobayashi, T., Saitoh, K. and Nakayama, I. 1996. Tissue preservation and total DNA extraction from fish stored at ambient temperature using buffers containing high concentration of urea. Fisheries Science, 62: 727 -730.

Avise, J.C., Arnold, J., Ball, R.M., Bermingham, E., Lamb, T., Neigel, J.E., Reeb, C.A. and Saunders, N.C. 1987. Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annual Re view of Ecology and Systematics, 18 : 489 - 522.

Bowen, B.W., Bass, A.L., Rocha, L.A., Grant, W.S. and Robertson, D. R. 2001. Phylogeography of the trumpetfishes (Aulostomus): ring species complex on a global scale. Evolution, 55: 1029 1039.

Catanese, G., Infante, C. and Manchado, M. 2008. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of the frigate tuna Auxis thazard and the bullet tuna Auxis rochei. DNA Sequence, 19(3): 159 166 . doi: 10.1080/10425170701207117.

Collette, B.B. and Aadland, C.R. 1996. Revision of the frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis ), with descriptions of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific. Fishery Bulletin, 94 (3): 423 -441.

Collette, B.B. and Nauen, C.E. 1983. FAO species catalogue, vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated c atalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos, and related species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. 125: 1 -137.

Donaldson, K.A. and Wilson, R.R. 1999. Amphi-Panamaic geminates of snook (Percoidei: Centropomidae) provide a calibration of the divergence rates in the mitochondrial DNA control region of fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13 : 208 -213.

Excoffier, L. and Lischer, H.E.L. 2010. Arlequin suite ver. 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows . Molecular Ecology Resources, 10: 564 -567. doi: 10.1111/j.1755 -0998.2010.02847.x.

Excoffier, L., Smouse, P.E. and Quattro, J.M. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DN A restriction data. Genetics, 131: 479 -491. Fu, Y.X. 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics, 147: 915 -925. Gonzalez-Villasenor, L.I. and Powers, D.A. 1990.

Mitochondrial restriction -site polymorphisms in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus support secondary integration. Evolution, 44: 27 -37.

Kumar, G., Kunal, S.P., Menezes, M.R. and Meena, R.M. 2012a. Three genetic stocks of frigate tuna Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepede, 1800 ) along the Indian coast revealed from sequence analyses of mitochondrial DNA D -loop region. Marine Biology Research, 8(10): 992 -1002. doi:10.1080/17451000.2012.702913.

Kumar, G., Kunal, S.P. and Menezes, M.R. 2012b. Population genetic structure of frigate tuna based on PCR-RFLP analysis of mtDNA D -loop region. Turkish Journal of Fisheries ad Aquatic Sciences, 12: 893 -903. doi: 10.4194/1303 -2712 -v12_4_17.

Kunal, S.P., Kumar, G., Menezes, M.R. and Meena, R.M. 2013. Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals three stocks of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788 ) in Indian waters. Conservation Genetics, 14(1): 205 -213. doi 10.1007/s10592 -013 - 0445 -3.

Melissa, A.P., McDowell, J.R. and Graves, J.E. 2008. Specific identification using COI sequence analysis of scombrid larvae collected off the Kona coast of Hawaii Island. Ichthyological Research, 55: 7 -16. doi: 10.1007/s10228 -007 -0003 -4.

Menezes, M.R., Ikeda, M. and Taniguchi, N. 2006. Genetic variation in skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (L.) using PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA D - loop region. Journal of Fish Biology, 68 (a): 156 -161. doi:10.1111/j.1095 -8649.2006.00993.x.

Menezes, M.R., Kumar, G. and Kunal, S.P. 2012. Population genetic structure of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis from the Indian coast using sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. Journal of Fish Biology, 80 : 2198 2212. doi:10.1111/j.1095 -8649.2012.03270.x.

Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science s USA, 70:3321 3323.

Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York, 512 pp.

Nei, M. and Tajima, F. 1981. DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases. Genetics, 97:145 163.

Raymond, M.L. and Rousset, F. 1995. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution, 49: 1280 -1283. Robertson, M.D., Ovenden, J.R. and Barker, S.C. 2007. Identification of small juvenile scombrids from northwest tropical Australia using mitochondrial DNA cytoc hrome b sequences. Ichthyological Research, 54: 246 -252. doi: 10.1007/s10228 -007 -0397 -z.

Scoles, D. R., Huynh, D. P., Morcos, P. A., Coulsell, E. R., Robinson, N. G., Tamanoi, F. and Pulst, S. M. 1998 .

Neurofibromatosis 2 tumour suppressor schwannomin interacts with βII-spectrin. Nature genetics, 18(4), 354 -359.

Tajima, F. 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 10: 512 -526.

Teacher, A.G.F. and Griffiths, D.J. 2011. HapStar: automated haplotype network layout and visualization. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11: 151 - 153. doi: 10.1111/j.1755 -0998.2010.02890.x.

Wright, B.S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15: 323 -354.