Isaac A. OLOLADE, Labunmi LAJIDE, Nurudeen A. OLADOJA, Victor O. OLUMEKUN, Olalekan O. ADEYEMID

Occurrence and dynamics of hydrocarbon in periwinkles littorina littorea

Sucul ortamda meydana gelen küçük kazaların kümülatif etkileri, suda yaşayan canlıların doğal yaşantısında önemli sonuçlara yol açabilir. Akuatik fauna sık sık hidrokarbona maruz kalıp kalmadığıyla ilgili incelenir. Çünkü akuatik faunada hidrokarbonun bulunması direkt olarak içinde yaşayan canlılara ve dolaylı olarak da insanlara tehdit teşkil eder. Nijerya’nın Ondo Eyaletindeki petrol kirliliği bilinen alanlarda ve özenle seçilen iki kıyısal bölgede deniz salyangozu Littorina littorea’nın dokusunda hidrokarbonun içerik ve uzamsal dağılımı özellikle de polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların (PAHs) varlığı, alev iyonlaştırıcı detektörlü ve kütle spektrometreli gaz kromotografisi (GC/FID/MS) ile araştırılmıştır. Kirliliğin sürekliliğini ve mekansal boyutunu hem de yan etkilerini değerlendirmek için doku örneklemesi ve analizler yapılmıştır. Bir çoğunun biyodönüşüm ürünleri olduğu düşünülen kompleks seriler halinde bileşikler elde edilmiştir. PAHs dağılımı: sırasıyla kuru ve yaş sezonda ölçülemez (nd) -56,23 μg/g kuru ağırlık (dw) ve nd -79,43 μg/g dw’dir. Yaş sezon boyunca toplam PAHs (ΣPAHs), kuru sezondaki toplam PAHs’den (ΣPAHs) %100 daha büyük çıkmıştır; çünkü yaş sezon boyunca kontamine bölgeden kaçış gerçekleşmiştir. Elde edilen PAHs seviyeleri kısmen L. littorea’da aril hidrokarbon hidrojenaz sisteminin yokluğuna bağlanabilir. Düşük moleküler ağırlıklı LPAHs (4- halka) bileşikler ile göreli oranı, incelenen organizmadaki PAHs‘lerin petrol kaynaklı olduğunu akla getirmektedir. PAH ve biyo birikim faktörü (BAF) önemli derece (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

su kalitesi, Littorina littorea, sucul hayvanlar, aromatik hidrokarbonlar, hidrogenaz, moleküler ağırlık, su kirliliği, yağış mevsimi, yan etkiler, sucul organizmalar, kurak mevsim, maruz kalma, hidrokarbonlar, petrol sızıntısı, petrol, kirli sular, polisiklik hidrokarbonlar, yüzey akışı

Deniz salyangozu littorina littorea’da hidrokarbonun varlığı ve dinamikleri

The cumulative effects of small accidental spills in the marine environment can have significant impacts on marine wildlife. Aquatic fauna are often examined for evidence of hydrocarbon exposure, as it may pose direct threat to their health and consequently humans. The composition and spatial distribution of hydrocarbons especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the tissue of periwinkles Littorina littorea from two carefully selected locations within the oil-polluted coastal area of Ondo State, Nigeria using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry (GC/FID/MS). The tissues were sampled and analyzed to evaluate the spatial extent and persistence of pollution, as well as their potential for adverse effects. Complex series of compounds, many of which were considered biotransformed products were obtained. The PAHs ranged; not detectable (nd) – 56.23 μg/g dry weight (dw) and nd - 79.43 μg/g dw during the dry and wet seasons respectively. The total PAHs (ΣPAHs) during the wet season was almost 100% greater than ΣPAHs during the dry season; a factor attributed to run-off from contaminated land during the wet season. The levels of PAHs obtained were partly attributed to the lack of aryl hydrocarbon hydrogenase (AHH) system in L. littorea. Relative ratios of low molecular weights, LPAHs (<3-ring) compounds to those with high molecular weights, HPAHs (>4-rings) suggested a petroleum related origin for the PAHs detected in the organism. The PAH and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) are significantly correlated (P<0.05, r= 0.908). The levels of PAHs in the tissues were relatively low compared to world-wide locations reported to be chronically contaminated by oil.

Keywords:

water quality, Littorina littorea, aquatic animals, aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogenase, molecular weight, water pollution, wet season, adverse effects, aquatic organisms, dry season, exposure, hydrocarbons, oil spills, petroleum, polluted water, polycyclic hydrocarbons, runoff,

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