Tülay ÖZER, İlkay AÇIKGÖZ ERKAYA, Cüneyt Nadir SOLAK, Abel Udo UDOH

Diversity and Ecology of Algae from Melen River (Western Black Sea River Catchment) in Turkey

Algae are among the key organisms of aquatic ecosystems. While there have been a large number of importantalgological studies on different river basins in Turkey, the use of algae in biomonitoring is a new approach. Epiphytic andepilithic algae in the Melen River were studied between May 2003 and April 2004. A total of 148 taxa, with 101 belonging toBacillariophyta, 18 to Chlorophyta, 9 to Charophyta, 13 to Cyanobacteria, 5 to Euglenophyta, and 2 to Miozoa, wereidentified in this study. Members of Bacillariophyta were the dominant taxa at all sites, with oligohalobious-indifferents andalkaliphiles being the most common. Among the non-diatom taxa, there were more species with oligohalobious-indifferentand indifferent properties. The river water was alkaline and temperate, with low salinity characters. Bio-indications(autecology) of the river were studied. From the results, organic pollution indicators of Watanabe‟s classification (46 species,31.1%) constituted three groups (saproxen, eurysaprobe and saprophile). Based on the classification (according to Watanabe‟ssystem) and RPI (River Polluted Index), the ecological conditions of Melen River were assessed as low, with a moderate levelof organic pollution, and lightly to moderately polluted, respectively.

PDF

___

Atazadeh, I., Sharifi, M. & Kelly, M.G. (2007). Evaluation of the Trophic Diatom Index for assessing water quality in River Gharasou, Western Iran. Hydrobiologia, 589, 165-173.

Barinova, S.S., Medvedeva, L.A., & Anissimova, O.V. (2006). Diversity of algal indicators in environmental assessment: Pilies Studio, Tel Aviv (in Russian).

Barinova, S.S., Tavassi, M., & Nevo, E. (2006a). Diversity and ecology of algae from the Alexander River (Central Israel). Flora Mediterranea, 16, 111-132.

Barinova S.S., Tavassi, M., & Nevo, E. (2010a). Algal communities of the Hadera River (Israel) under dramatic niche changes. Central European Journal of Biology, 5(4), 507-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0033-1

Barinova, S., Tavassi, M., Glassman, H., & Nevo, E. (2010b). Algal indication of pollution in the Lower Jordan River, Israel, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 8(1), 19-38.

Barinova, S.S., Kukhaleishvili, L., Nevo, E., & Janelidze, Z. (2011a). Diversity and ecology of algae in the Algeti National Park as a part of the Georgian system of protected areas. Turkish Journal of Botany, 35, 729- 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1009-83

Barinova, S.S., Nevo, E., & Bragina, T.M. (2011b). Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity. Acta Bot. Croat. 70(2), 215– 244.

Barinova, S., & Krassilov, V.A. (2012). Algal diversity and bio-indication of water resources in Israel. International Journal of Environment and Resource, 1(2), 62-72.

Barinova, S., Khuram, I., Asadullah, Ahmad, N., Jan, S. & Shin, D.H. (2016). How Water Quality in the Kabul River, Pakistan, can be Determined with Algal Bioindication, Advanced Studies in Biology, 8(4), 151- 171.

Baykal, T., Açıkgöz, İ., UdoUdoh, A., & Yıldız, K. (2011). Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and biomass in a small lowland river-lake system (Melen River, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 485- 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/biy-0904-5

Blanco, S., Becares, A., Cauchie, H.M., Hoffmann, L., & Ector, L. (2007). Comparison of biotic indices for water quality diagnosis in the Duero Basin (Spain). Archiv für Hydrobiologie (suppl. Large Rivers), 17(3- 4), 267-286. http://dx.doi.org/ 0945-3784/07/0161

Cox, E. J. (1996). Identification of Freshwater Diatoms From Live Material, Chapman & Hall, London, 158 pp.

Das, S.K., & Chakrabarty, D. (2007). Limnological survey of three tropical water reservoirs in Eastern India, Acta Botanica Malaciata, 32, 5-16.

Dell‟Uomo, A., & Torrisi, M. (2009). Freshwater algae and their usefulness in safeguarding the Mediterranean basin. Bocconea, 23, 93-105.

Doğan, E., Sengorur, B., & Koklu, R. (2009). Modeling biological oxygen demand of the Melen River in Turkey using an artificial neural network technique, Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2), 1229- 1235.

Guiry, M.D., & Guiry, G.M. (2017). AlgaeBase. Worldwide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved from http://www.algaebase.org

Hofmann G., Werum M., Lange-Bertalot H. 2011. Diatomeen im Süβwasser – Benthos vom Mitteleuropa. Bestimmungsflora Kieselalgen für die ökologische Praxis. Über 700 derhäufigsten Arten und ihre Ökologie. [In:] H. Lange-Bertalot. (ed.), A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., pp. 908.

Huber–Pestalozzi, G. (1982). Das Phytoplankton Des Süβwassers 8. Teil Conjugatophyceae, Zynematales and Desmidiales, E. Schweizerbart‟sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Germany, 542 pp.

John, D.M., Whitton, B.A., & Brook, A.J. (2002). The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 702 pp.

John, D.W., & Sheat R.G. (2003). Freshwater algae of North America. Academic Press USA 918 pp.

Korshikov OA (1987) The Freshwater Algae of the Ukrainian SSR. V. Sub-Class Protococcineae Vacuolales and Protococcales. Dehra Dun, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh & Koeltz Scientific Books. 412 pp.

Krammer, K., & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1999a). Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae Band 2/1, 1. Teil: Naviculaceae, Gustav FischerVerlag, Stuttgart, 876 pp.

Krammer, K., & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1999b). Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae Band 2/2, 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 584 pp.

Krammer, K., & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1991a). Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae Band /3, 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 576 pp.

Krammer, K., & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1991b). Süβwassers von Mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae Band 2/4, 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergönzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatatae) ubnd Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 436 pp.

Margarita A., & Benavides, S. (1996). The use of water chemistry and benthic diatom communities for qualification of a polluted tropical river in Costa Rica, Rev. BioI. Trop. 44(2), 395-416.

Noga, T., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., Kloc, U., Kochman- Kędziora, N., Rybak, M., Peszek, L. & Pajączek, A. (2016). Diatom diversity and water quality of a suburban stream: a case study of the Rzeszów city in SE Poland. Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 41, 19-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2016-0004

Resende, P.C., Resende. P., Pardal, M., Almeida, S., & Azeiteiro, U. (2010). Use of biological indicators to assess water quality of the Ul River (Portugal). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170(1), 535-544. http://dx.doi.org/0.1007/s10661-009-1255-4

Sládeček, V. (1986). Diatoms as indicators of organic pollution. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 14(5), 555-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19860140519

Solak, C.N., Ector, L., Wojtal, A.Z., Acs, E., & Morales, E.A. (2012). A review of investigations on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft, 141, 431-462. http://dx.doi.org/1438-9134/2012/0141-0431

Squires, L.E., & Saoud, N.S. (1986). Effects of water quality and season on diatom community structure in the Damour River, Lebanon. Hydrobiologia, 133, 127-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031862

Taylor, J.C, de la Rey, P.A. & Van Rensburg L. (2005). Recommendations for the collection, preparation and Enumeration of Diatom from Riverine Habitats for water Quality Monitoring in South Africa. African journal of Aquatic Sciences, 3(1), 65-75.

Urrea, G., & Sabater, S. (2009). Epilithic diatom assemblages and their relationship to environmental characteristics in an agricultural watershed (Guadiana River, SW Spain). Ecological Indicators, 9, 693-703.

Van Dam, H., Mertens, A., & Sinkeldam, S. (1994). A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from The Netherlands. Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 28, 117-133.

Watanabe, T., Asai, K., & Houki, A. (1986). Numerical estimation to organic pollution of flowing water by using the epilithic diatom assemblage-Diatom Assemblage Index (DAIpo). Science Total Environment, 55, 209-218.

Ziller, S., & Montesanto, B. (2004). Phytobenthos (diatoms) and water framework directive implementation: The case of two Mediterranean rivers in Greece. Fresenius Environonmental Bulletin, 13, 128-138.