A review on the bloom dynamics of a harmful dinoflagellate prorocentrum minimum in the golden horn estuary

Haliç’te potansiyel zararlı ve aşırı üreyen dinoflagellat Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard, 1916) Schiller 1933 dağılımı dört yıl boyunca aylık olarak izlendi. Prorocentrum minimum verisi tuzluluk, sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, inorganik besin elementleri ve klorofil a gibi eş zamanlı olarak ölçülen bazı çevresel değişkenlerle birlikte değerlendirildi. Bu türün bolluğu peş peşe üç yıl boyunca özellikle yaz ortası ve bahar sonunda artış gösterdi ve Temmuz 2000 ile Temmuz 2001’de iki önemli aşırı üreme olayına neden oldu. Tüm çalışma periyodu boyunca bu aşırı üreme olaylarını tetikleyen çevresel koşullar dikkate alındı. Aşırı üreme olayları genellikle su hareketlerinin yetersiz olduğu orta ve yukarı Haliç’te meydana geldi (15.2-18.5 psu, 19.2-24.2 °C). P. minimum yoğunluğu birinci aşırı üreme olayının başlarında 5.5×106 hücre L-1, iki hafta sonra ise en yüksek seviyesi olan $ 70.0+{10^6}$ cells $L^{-1}$’ye ulaştı. Temmuz 2001’deki ikinci aşırı üremede ise hücre yoğunluğu $ 36.0+{10^6}$ hücre$L^{-1}$ olarak hesaplandı. Temmuz 2000’de çözünmüş oksijen aşırı doygunluk seviyesine (29 mg $L^{-1}$) ulaştı, klorofil a konsantrasyonu da 200 μg $L^{-1}$ olarak ölçüldü. İnorganik besin elementleri konsantrasyonu aşırı üreme olayları öncesine göre daha düşüktü. Sonuçlar P. minimum türünün sakin hava koşulları altında besin elementlerince zengin haliçlerde, yüksek sıcaklık ve düşük tuzlulukta iyi gelişebildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

sucul organizmalar, inorganik bileşikler, tuzluluk, yaz, yabancı otlar, ökaryotlar, İstanbul, sıcaklık, ilkbahar, nehir ağzı, çözünmüş oksijen, klorofil, sucul yabancı otlar, sucul bitkiler, Türkiye, Dinoflagellida

Haliç’te dinoflagellatelardan prorocentrum minimum zararlısının ilk evrelerinin dinamikleri hakkında bir çalışma

The potentially harmful and bloom-forming dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard, 1916) Schiller, 1933 was followed monthly during four years in the Golden Horn Estuary (GHE). Simultaneously measured some environmental variables including salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, inorganic nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were evaluated together with P. minimum data. The density of this species increased mostly in late spring and summer during three years and caused two significant blooms in July 2000 and July 2001. Environmental conditions which triggered these bloom events were considered during whole study period. Blooms have mostly occurred in middle and upper estuary where water movements are insufficient (salinity 15.2-18.5 psu, temperature 19.0-24.2°C). The cell density of P. minimum reached to 5.5 × 106 cells $L^{-1}$ at the early stage of the first bloom, and after two weeks, it reached to highest level of 70.0 × 106 cells $L^{-1}$. Cell density was calculated as $ 36.0+{10^6}$ cells$L^{-1}$ at the second bloom in July 2001. Dissolved oxygen value reached to super saturation (29.0 mg $L^{-1}$) and chlorophyll a concentration was measured as 200 μg L-1 in July 2000. Inorganic nutrient concentrations were lower than before bloom periods. The results appeared that P. minimum could well develop at the high temperature and moderate salinity under the calm weather in nutrient-rich estuarine environment.

Keywords:

aquatic organisms, inorganic compounds, salinity, summer, weeds, eukaryotes, Istanbul, temperature, spring, estuaries, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, aquatic weeds, aquatic plants, Turkey, Dinoflagellida,

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