Akdeniz Ülkelerinin Destinasyon Rekabetçilik Performanslarının Analizi: MAIRCA ve MARCOS Yöntemleri ile Bir Uygulama

Bu araştırmada, 2019 yılı için 19 Akdeniz havzası ülkenin Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabetçilik Endeksi (TTCI) bileşenlerine ait değerler üzerinden söz konusu ülkelerin destinasyon rekabetçilik performansları MAIRCA ve MARCOS yöntemleri ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, her iki yöntem kapsamında destinasyon rekabetçilik performansı en fazla olan ilk dört ülke içinde İspanya, Fransa, İtalya ve Portekiz’in, son dört ülke içinde ise Tunus, Lübnan, Bosna Hersek ve Cezayir’in olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca TTCI kapsamında ülkelerin destinasyon rekabetçilik performans değerleri, MAIRCA yöntemine kıyasla MARCOS yöntemi ile tespit edilen ülkelerin destinasyon rekabetçilik performans değerleri ile daha fazla pozitif yönlü ilişki içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu sonuca göre, TTCI’nın MAIRCA yöntemine kıyasla MARCOS yöntemi ile daha iyi açıklanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Analysis of Destination Competitiveness Performance of Mediterranean Countries: An Application with MAIRCA and MARCOS Methods

In this research, the destination competitiveness performances of these countries were measured by MAIRCA and MARCOS methods over the values of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) components of 19 Mediterranean basin countries for 2019. According to the findings, it was observed that Spain, France, Italy and Portugal were among the top four countries with the highest destination competitiveness performance, while Tunisia, Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Algeria were among the last four countries within the scope of both methods. In addition, it has been determined that the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries within the scope of TTCI are more positively related to the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries determined by the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method. Therefore, according to this result, it was concluded that TTCI can be better explained with the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method.

PDF

___

Aksoy, E. (2021). An Analysis on Turkey's Merger and Acquisition Activities: MAIRCA Method. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 12(1), 1-11.
Ayçin, E. ve Güçlü, P. (2020). BIST Ticaret Endeksinde Yer Alan İşletmelerin Finansal Performanslarının Entropi ve MAIRCA Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi(85), 287-312.
Ayçin, E. ve Orçun, Ç. (2019). Mevduat Bankalarının Performanslarının ENTROPİ ve MAIRCA Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(42), 175- 194.
Badi, I., and Pamućar, D. (2020). Supplier Selection for Steelmaking Company by Using Combined Grey-MARCOS Methods. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 3(2), 37-47.
Benedetti, J. (2010). The Competitiveness of Brazil as a Dutch Holiday Destination. Master Thesis, NHTV University of Applied Sciences, Breda.
Boral, S., Howard, I., Chaturvedi, S. K., McKee, K., and Naikana, V. (2020). An Integrated Approach for Fuzzy Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Using Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy MAIRCA. Engineering Failure Analysis, 108, 1-16.
Božanić, D., Jurišić, D., and Erkić, D. (2020). LBWA Z MAIRCA Model Supporting Decision Making in the Army. Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 3(2), 87- 110.
Bozok, D. ve Köroglu, A. (2007). Akdeniz Ülkelerine Yönelik Uluslararası Turizm Hareketleri. Ticaret ve Turizm Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 146-157.
Bucher, S. (2018). The Global Competitiveness Index As an Indicator of Sustainable Development. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 88, 44-57.
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the Competitive Destination of the Future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.
Chatterjee, K., Pamućar, D., and Zavadskas, E. K. (2018). Evaluating the Performance of Suppliers Based on Using the R'AMATEL-MAIRCA Method for Green Supply Chain Implementation in Electronics Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 184, 101-129.
Chattopadhyay, R., Chakraborty, S., and Chakraborty, S. (2020). An Integrated D-MARCOS Method for Supplier Selection in An Iron and Steel Industry. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 3(2), 49-69.
Cibinskiene, A., and Snieskiene, G. (2015). Evaluation of City Tourism Competitiveness. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 105–110.
Croitoru, M. (2011). Tourism Competitiveness Index – An Empirical Analysis Romania vs. Bulgaria. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 28(9), 155-172.
Crotti, R., Misrahi, T., and WEF. (2015). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2015: T&T as a Resilient Contribution to National Development. in WEF, The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2015, Geneva: WEF, 3-28.
Croutch, G. I., and Ritchie, J. (1994). Destination Competitiveness: Exploring Foundations for a Long Term Research Program . Administrative Science Associations. Halifax, 79-88.
Croutch, G. I., and Ritchie, J. (1995). Destination Competitiveness Models and The Role of The Tourism Enterprise. 4. Annual World Business Congress. İstanbul, 440-448.
Croutch, G. I., and Ritchie, J. R. (1999). Tourism, Competitiveness and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137-152.
Dwyer, L., and Kim, C. (2003). Destination Competitiveness: A Model and Determinants. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369–414.
Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., and Dwyer, W. (2020). Compettiveness Index as Tool for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction. in L. Moutinho, Strategic Management in Tourism. Sao Paulo: CABI Tourism Texts, 33-45.
Ecer, F. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Ekin, Y. (2004). Turizm Paydaşları Persfektifinden Turizm Gelişimi ve Destinasyon Rekabetçiliği. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya.
Eşiyok, H., ve Hassan, A. (2020). Akdeniz Çanağındaki Destinasyonların Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabetçilik Endeksi Verilerinin Rekabette Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler Teorisine Göre İncelenmesi. IITD 20 International Travel and Tourism Dynamics Congress. Ankara: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Universitesi, 1-10.
Gabor, M. R., Contiu, L., and Oltean, F. D. (2012). A Comparative Analysis Regarding European Tourism Competitiveness: Emerging Versus Developed Markets. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3, 361 – 366.
Gigovic, L., Pamućar, D., Bajic, Z., and Milicevic, M. (2016). The Combination of Expert Judgment and GIS-MAIRCA Analysis for the Selection of Sites for Ammunition Depots. Sustainability, 8, 1- 30.
Gigovic, L., Pamućar, D., Bajic, Z., and Milicevic, M. (2019). The Combination of Expert Judgment and GIS-MAIRCA Analysis for the Selection of Sites for Ammunition Depots. Sustainability, 8, 1- 30.
Gooroochurn, N., and Sugiyarto, G. (2005). Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Industry. Tourism Economics, 11(1), 25-43.
Göral, R. (2016). Turizm Destinasyonu Rekabetçilik Faktörleri ve Entropi Yöntemİyle AğIrlIklandırılması. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 66-81.
Göral, R., and Yurtlu, M. (2021). Uluslararası Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabetçilik Endeksi Kapsamında Türkiye’nin Güçlü ve Zayıf Yönlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal, Beşerî ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(6), 544-576.
Güllü, K., and Yılmaz, M. (2020). Determination of Destination Competitiveness of The Selected Mediterranean Destinations by ENTROPY Based EDAS Method. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 48(1), 486-509.
Hassan, S. (2000). Determinants of Market Competitiveness in An Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 239- 245.
Heath, E. (2002). Towards a Model to Enhance Africa's Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness. Journal of Public Administiration, 37(1), 327-353.
Heath, E. (2003). Towards A Model Enhance Destination Competitiveness: A Southern African Perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Manegement, 37(3), 327-353.
Khan, S., Qianli, D., SongBo, W., Zaman, K., and Zhang, Y. (2017). Travel and TourismCompetitiveness Index: The Impact of Air Transportation, Railways Transportation, Travel and Transport Services on International Inbound and Outbound Tourism. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58, 125-134.
Kim, C., and Dwyer, L. (2003). Destination Competitiveness and Bilateral Flows between Australia and Korea. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(2), 54-67.
Krstic, B., Jovanovic, S., Jankovic-Milic, V., and Stanisic, T. (2016). Examination of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Contribution to National Economy Competitiveness of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries. Development Southern Africa, 33(4)1-16. DOI:10.1080/0376835X.2016.1179103
Manap Davras, G. (2020). Akdeniz Turizm Destinasyonlarının Rekabet Gücü Açısından TOPSIS ve VIKOR Yöntemleri ile Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8(2), 1439- 1456.
Meessen, K. M. (2009). Prinzip Wettbewerb. Juristen Zeitung,14, 697-706.
Nazmfar, H., Eshghei, A., Alavi, S., and Pourmoradian, S. (2019). Analysis of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index in Middle-East Countries. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(6), 501-513.
Pamućar, D., Mihajlovic, M., Obradovic, R., and Atanaskovic, P. (2017). Novel Approach to Group Multi-Criteria Decision Making Based on Interval Rough Numbers: Hybrid DEMATELANP- MAIRCA Model. Expert Systems With Applications, 88, 58–80.
Pulido-Fernández, J., and Rodríguez-Díaz, B. (2016). Reinterpreting the World Economic Forum's Global Tourism Competitiveness Index. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 131–140.
Ritchie, J., and Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Ritchie, J., and Croutch, G. I. (1993). Competitiveness in International Tourism: A Framework for Understanding and Analysis. 43. Congress of the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifique du Tourisme. San Carlos de Bariloche, 23-71.
Ritchie, J., and Croutch, G. I. (2000). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainability Perfective. Tourism Management, 21(1), 1-7.
Stević, Ž., and Brković, N. (2020). A Novel Integrated FUCOM-MARCOS Model for Evaluation of Human Resources in a Transport Company. Logistics, 4(4), 1-14.
Stević, Ž., Pamučar, D., Puškac, A., and Chatterjee, P. (2020). Sustainable Supplier Selection in Healthcare Industries Using a New MCDM method: Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS). Computers & Industrial Engineering, 140, 1-15.
Tesić, D., and Bozanić, D. (2008). Primena Metode MAIRCA pri Izboru Mesta za Prelazak Tenkova pod Vodom. Tehnika Menadzment, 68(6), 860-867.
Ulutaş, A. (2019). Swara ve Mairca Yöntemleri İle Catering Firması Seçimi. BMIJ, 7(4), 1467-1479.
Ulutaş, A., Karabasevic, D., Popovic, G., Stanujkic, D., Nguyen, P. T. ve Karaköy, Ç. (2020). Development of a Novel Integrated CCSD-ITARA-MARCOS Decision-Making Approach. Mathematics, 8, 1-15.
Vengesayi, S. (2003). A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness and Attractiveness . ANZMAC. Adelaide.
WEF. (2007). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007 Furthering the Process of Economic Development. Geneva: WEF.
WEF. (2008). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2008 Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability. Geneva: WEF.
WEF. (2009). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 Managing in a Time of Turbulence. Geneva: WEF.
WEF. (2011). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 Beyond the Downturn. Genova: WEF.
WEF. (2013). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job Creation. Genova: WEF.
WEF. (2015). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 Growth through Shocks. Genova : WEF.
WEF. (2017). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 Paving the way for a more sustainable and inclusive future. Genova: WEF.
WEF. (2019). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 Travel and Tourism at a Tipping Point. Geneva: WEF.
WEF. (2019). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 Travel and Tourism at a Tipping Point. Genova: WEF.
Yoon, Y. (2002). Development of Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders' Perferctives. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Tke Virgina Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
Zolfani, S. H., Chatterjee, P., and Yazdani, M. (2019). A Structured Framework for Sustainable Supplier Selection Using A Combined BWM-COCOSO Model. International Scientific Conference Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering 2019. Vilnius: Vilnius Tech., 797-804.