Süt Ürünlerindeki Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Moleküler Yöntemlerle Dinamiklerinin Analizi ve Populasyonlarının Tanımlanması

Farklı ekolojik nişlere sahip Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) yaygın olarak fermente et, sebze, süt ürünleri ve tahıllar yanı sıra mayalanmış içkilerde de bulunmaktadır. LAB'lar probiyotik özelliklerinden dolayı starter kültür olarak süt endüstrisinde kullanılan bakterilerin en önemli grubudur. LAB'ların taksonomik incelemelerinde; 16S ribozomal RNA (rRNA) gen dizilerinin analizine dayalı rep-PCR analizi, farklı boyutlarda enzimler ile kesilmiş DNA fragmanlarının analizi (RFLP), rastgele çoğaltılmış polimorfik DNA analizi (RAPD), düşük sıcaklıklarda rastgele çoğaltılmış ve DNA'nın çoğaltılmış parçauzunluk polimorfizm analizi (AFLP)-PCR kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca LAB'ların tanımlanmasında kullanılan kültür bağımsız yöntemler, darbe etkili alan jel elektroforez (PFGE), denatüre gradyan jel elektroforez (DGGE), termal gradyan jel elektroforez (DGGE) ve floresan in situ hibridizasyon (FISH) yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, son yıllarda yeni nesil dizi (NGS) teknikleri ve Pirosekanslama gelecekte kullanılan en önemli yöntemlerden biri olacaktır. Bu yazıda süt ürünlerinde LAB türlerinin belirlenmesi için moleküler yöntemleri kullanan çalışmaları kapsamaktadır.

Analyses of Dynamics in Dairy Products and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Population by Molecular Methods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with different ecological niches are widely seen in fermented meat, vegetables, dairy products and cereals as well as in fermented beverages. Lactic acid bacteria are the most important group of bacteria in dairy industry due to their probiotic characteristics and fermentation agents as starter culture. In the taxonomy of the lactic acid bacteria; by means of rep-PCR, which is the analysis of repetitive sequences that are based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence, it is possible to conduct structural microbial community analyses such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA fragments of different sizes cut with enzymes, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphic DNA amplified randomly at low temperatures and Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphism (AFLP)-PCR of cut genomic DNA. Besides, in the recent years, non-culture-based molecular methods such as Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Thermal Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), and Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization (FISH) have replaced classical methods once used for the identification of LAB. Identification of lactic acid bacteria culture independent regardless of the method will be one of the most important methods used in the future pyrosequencing as a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques. This paper reviews molecular-method based studies conducted on the identification of LAB species in dairy products.

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Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2148-127X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Aylık
  • Başlangıç: 2013
  • Yayıncı: Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP)
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