RÜŞTÜ HATİPOĞLU, Rüştü HATİPOĞLU, SALIHA KIRICI

Sekonder Bitki Metabolitlerinin In Vitro Koşullarda Üretimi

Sekonder metabolitler, bitkiler tarafından biyotik ve abiyotik faktörlere karşı bir tepki olarak ve savunma mekanizması oluşturmak amacıyla üretilen farklı bir organik bileşik grubudur. Sekonder metabolitler biyosentetik orijinlerine ve kimyasal yapılarına göre farklı sınıflara ayrılırlar. Sekonder metabolitler, günümüzde ilaç hammaddesi, tarım ilacı, tat verici, koku maddesi, renk maddesi ve gıda katkı maddesi gibi pek çok alanda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sekonder metabolit üretimi, geleneksel olarak ya doğadan bitki toplamaya veya söz konusu bitkilerin tarla koşullarında kültür edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Fakat bu şekilde geleneksel sekonder metabolit üretimi düşük verim, coğrafik, mevsimsel ve çevresel varyasyonlar nedeniyle bitkinin sekonder metabolit içeriğinin çok değişken olması, sekonder metabolit üreten bitkilerin yetiştiriciliği için arazi ve yoğun işgücüne gereksinim duyulması gibi dezavantajlara sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bitki hücre ve organ kültürleri sekonder metabolitlerin üretiminde tüm bitkiden elde etmeye alternatif bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu literatür derlemesinde, bitki hücre, doku ve organ kültürleri ile sekonder metabolit üretiminin mevcut durumu, sorunları ve sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak yapılan çalışmalar irdelenmiştir.

Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites from Cell and Organ Cultures under In vitro Condition

Plant secondary metabolites are a group of organic compounds produced by plants to interact with biotic and abiotic factors and for the establishment of defence mechanism. Secondary metabolites are classified based on their biosynthetic origin and chemical structure. They have been used as pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavours, fragrances, colours and food additives. Secondary metabolites are traditionally produced from the native grown or field grown plants. However, this conventional approach has some disadvantages such as low yield, instability of secondary metabolite contents of the plants due to geographical, seasonal and environmental variations, need for land and heavy labour to grow plants. Therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have emerged as an alternative to plant growing under field conditions for secondary metabolite production. In this literature review, present state of secondary metabolite production through plant cell and organ cultures, its problems as well as solutions of the problems were discussed.

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